Adaptive DEMA Momentum Oscillator (ADMO)Overview:
The Adaptive DEMA Momentum Oscillator (ADMO) is an open-source technical analysis tool developed to measure market momentum using a Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA) and adaptive standard deviation. By dynamically combining price deviation from the moving average with normalized standard deviation, ADMO provides traders with a powerful way to interpret market conditions.
Key Features:
Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA):
The core calculation of the indicator is based on DEMA, which is known for being more responsive to price changes compared to traditional moving averages. This makes the ADMO capable of capturing trend momentum effectively.
Standard Deviation Integration:
A normalized standard deviation is used to adaptively weight the oscillator. This makes the indicator more sensitive to market volatility, enhancing responsiveness during high volatility and reducing sensitivity during calmer periods.
Oscillator Representation:
The final oscillator value is derived from the combination of the DEMA-based Z-score and the normalized standard deviation. This final value is visualized as a color-coded histogram, reflecting bullish or bearish momentum.
Color-Coded Histogram:
Bullish Momentum: Values above zero are colored using a customizable bullish color (default: light green).
Bearish Momentum: Values below zero are colored using a customizable bearish color (default: red).
How It Works:
Inputs:
DEMA Length: Defines the period used for calculating the Double Exponential Moving Average. It can be adjusted from 1 to 200 to suit different trading styles.
Standard Deviation Length: Sets the lookback period for standard deviation calculations, which influences the responsiveness of the oscillator.
Standard Deviation Weight (StdDev Weight): Controls the weight given to the normalized standard deviation, allowing customization of the oscillator's sensitivity to volatility.
Calculation Steps:
Double Exponential Moving Average Calculation:
The DEMA is calculated using two exponential moving averages, which helps in reducing lag compared to a simple moving average.
Z-score Calculation:
The Z-score is derived by comparing the difference between the DEMA and its smoothed average (LSMA) to the standard deviation. This indicates how far the current value is from the mean in units of standard deviation.
Normalized Standard Deviation:
The standard deviation is normalized by subtracting the mean standard deviation and dividing by the standard deviation of the values. This helps to make the oscillator adaptive to recent changes in volatility.
Final Oscillator Value:
The final value is calculated by multiplying the Z-score with a factor based on the normalized standard deviation, resulting in a momentum indicator that adapts to different market conditions.
Visualization:
Histogram: The oscillator is plotted as a histogram, with color-coded bars showing the strength and direction of market momentum.
Positive (bullish) values are shown in green, indicating upward momentum.
Negative (bearish) values are shown in red, indicating downward momentum.
Zero Line: A zero line is plotted to provide a reference point, helping users quickly determine whether the current momentum is bullish or bearish.
Example Use Cases:
Momentum Identification:
ADMO helps identify the current market momentum by dynamically adapting to changes in market volatility. When the histogram is above zero and green, it indicates bullish conditions, whereas values below zero and red suggest bearish momentum.
Volatility-Adjusted Signals:
The normalized standard deviation weighting allows the ADMO to provide more reliable signals during different market conditions. This makes it particularly useful for traders who want to be responsive to market volatility while avoiding false signals.
Trend Confirmation and Divergence:
ADMO can be used to confirm the strength of a trend or identify potential divergences between price and momentum. This helps traders spot potential reversal points or continuation signals.
Summary:
The Adaptive DEMA Momentum Oscillator (ADMO) offers a unique approach by combining momentum analysis with adaptive standard deviation. The integration of DEMA makes it responsive to price changes, while the standard deviation adjustment helps it stay relevant in both high and low volatility environments. It's a versatile tool for traders who need an adaptive, momentum-based approach to technical analysis.
Feel free to explore the code and adapt it to your trading strategy. The open-source nature of this tool allows you to adjust the settings and visualize the output to fit your personal trading preferences.
Cerca negli script per "Exponential"
Cinnamon_Bear Indicators MA LibraryLibrary "Cinnamon_BearIndicatorsMALibrary"
This is a personal Library of the NON built-in PineScript Moving Average function used to code indicators
ma_dema(source, length)
Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: A double level of smoothing helps to follow price movements more closely while still reducing noise compared to a single EMA.
ma_dsma(source, length)
Double Smoothed Moving Average (DSMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: A double level of smoothing helps to follow price movements more closely while still reducing noise compared to a single SMA.
ma_tema(source, length)
Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: A Triple level of smoothing helps to follow price movements even more closely compared to a DEMA.
ma_vwema(source, length)
Volume-Weighted Exponential Moving Average (VWEMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: The VWEMA weights based on volume and recent price, giving more weight to periods with higher trading volumes.
ma_hma(source, length)
Hull Moving Average (HMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: The HMA formula combines the properties of the weighted moving average (WMA) and the exponential moving average (EMA) to achieve a smoother and more responsive curve.
ma_ehma(source, length)
Enhanced Moving Average (EHMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: The EHMA is calculated similarly to the Hull Moving Average (HMA) but uses a different weighting factor to further improve responsiveness.
ma_trix(source, length)
Triple Exponential Moving Average (TRIX)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: The TRIX is an oscillator that shows the percentage change of a triple EMA. It is designed to filter out minor price movements and display only the most significant trends. The TRIX is a momentum indicator that can help identify trends and buy or sell signals.
ma_lsma(source, length)
Linear Weighted Moving Average (LSMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: A moving average that gives more weight to recent prices. It is calculated using a formula that assigns linear weights to prices, with the highest weight given to the most recent price and the lowest weight given to the furthest price in the series.
ma_wcma(source, length)
Weighted Cumulative Moving Average (WCMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: A moving average that gives more weight to recent prices. Compared to a LSMA, the WCMA the weights of data increase linearly with time, so the most recent data has a greater weight compared to older data. This means that the contribution of the most recent data to the moving average is more significant.
ma_vidya(source, length)
Variable Index Dynamic Average (VIDYA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: It is an adaptive moving average that adjusts its momentum based on market volatility using the formula of Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) .
ma_zlma(source, length)
Zero-Lag Moving Average (ZLMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: Its aims to minimize the lag typically associated with MA, designed to react more quickly to price changes.
ma_gma(source, length, power)
Generalized Moving Average (GMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
power (simple int)
Returns: It is a moving average that uses a power parameter to adjust the weight of historical data. This allows the GMA to adapt to various styles of MA.
ma_tma(source, length)
Triangular Moving Average (TMA)
Parameters:
source (simple float)
length (simple int)
Returns: MA more sensitive to changes in recent data compared to the SMA, providing a moving average that better adapts to short-term price changes.
Leading T3Hello Fellas,
Here, I applied a special technique of John F. Ehlers to make lagging indicators leading. The T3 itself is usually not realling the classic lagging indicator, so it is not really needed, but I still publish this indicator to demonstrate this technique of Ehlers applied on a simple indicator.
The indicator does not repaint.
In the following picture you can see a comparison of normal T3 (purple) compared to a 2-bar "leading" T3 (gradient):
The range of the gradient is:
Bottom Value: the lowest slope of the last 100 bars -> green
Top Value: the highest slope of the last 100 bars -> purple
Ehlers Special Technique
John Ehlers did develop methods to make lagging indicators leading or predictive. One of these methods is the Predictive Moving Average, which he introduced in his book “Rocket Science for Traders”. The concept is to take a difference of a lagging line from the original function to produce a leading function.
The idea is to extend this concept to moving averages. If you take a 7-bar Weighted Moving Average (WMA) of prices, that average lags the prices by 2 bars. If you take a 7-bar WMA of the first average, this second average is delayed another 2 bars. If you take the difference between the two averages and add that difference to the first average, the result should be a smoothed line of the original price function with no lag.
T3
To compute the T3 moving average, it involves a triple smoothing process using exponential moving averages. Here's how it works:
Calculate the first exponential moving average (EMA1) of the price data over a specific period 'n.'
Calculate the second exponential moving average (EMA2) of EMA1 using the same period 'n.'
Calculate the third exponential moving average (EMA3) of EMA2 using the same period 'n.'
The formula for the T3 moving average is as follows:
T3 = 3 * (EMA1) - 3 * (EMA2) + (EMA3)
By applying this triple smoothing process, the T3 moving average is intended to offer reduced noise and improved responsiveness to price trends. It achieves this by incorporating multiple time frames of the exponential moving averages, resulting in a more accurate representation of the underlying price action.
Thanks for checking this out and give a boost, if you enjoyed the content.
Best regards,
simwai
---
Credits to @loxx
hamster-bot MRS 2 (simplified version) MRS - Mean Reversion Strategy (Countertrend) (Envelope strategy)
This script does not claim to be unique and does not mislead anyone. Even the unattractive backtest result is attached. The source code is open. The idea has been described many times in various sources. But at the same time, their collection in one place provides unique opportunities.
Published by popular demand and for ease of use. so that users can track the development of the script and can offer their ideas in the comments. Otherwise, you have to communicate in several telegram chats.
Representative of the family of counter-trend strategies. The basis of the strategy is Mean reversion . You can also read about the Envelope strategy .
Mean reversion , or reversion to the mean, is a theory used in finance that suggests that asset price volatility and historical returns eventually will revert to the long-run mean or average level of the entire dataset.
The strategy is very simple. Has very few settings. Good for beginners to get acquainted with algorithmic trading. A simple adjustment will help avoid overfitting. There are many variations of this strategy, but for understanding it is better to start with this implementation.
Principle of operation.
1)
A conventional MA is being built. (fuchsia line). A limit order is placed on this line to close the position.
2)
(green line) A limit order is placed on this line to open a long position
3)
(red line) A limit order is placed on this line to open a short position
Attention!
Please note that a limit order is used. Conclude that the strategy has a limited capacity. And the results obtained on low-liquid instruments will be too high in the tester. On real auctions there will be a different result.
Note for testing the strategy in the spot market:
When testing in the spot market, do not include both long and short at the same time. It is recommended to test only the long mode on the spot. Short mode for more advanced users.
Settings:
Available types of moving averages:
SMA
EMA
TEMA - triple exponential moving average
DEMA - Double Exponential Moving Average
ZLEMA - Zero lag exponential moving average
WMA - weighted moving average
Hma - Hull Moving Average
Thma - Triple Exponential Hull Moving Average
Ehma - Exponential Hull Moving Average
H - MA built based on highs for n candles | ta.highest(len)
L - MA built based on lows for n candles | ta.lowest(len)
DMA - Donchian Moving Average
A Kalman filter can be applied to all MA
The peculiarity of the strategy is a large selection of MA and the possibility of shifting lines. You can set up a reverse trending strategy on the Donchian channel for example.
Use Long - enable/disable opening a Long position
Use Short - enable/disable opening a Short position
Lot Long, % - % allocated from the deposit for opening a Long position. In the spot market, do not use % greater than 100%
Lot Short, % - allocated % of the deposit for opening a Short position
Start date - the beginning of the testing period
End date - the end of the testing period (Example: only August 2020 can be tested)
Mul - multiplier. Used to offset lines. Example:
Mul = 0.99 is shift -1%
Mul = 1.01 is shift +1%
Non-strict recommendations:
1) Test the SPOT market on crypto exchanges. (The countertrend strategy has liquidation risk on futures)
2) Symbols altcoin/bitcoin or altcoin/altcoin. Example: ETH/BTC or DOGE/ETH
3) Timeframe is usually 1 hour
If the script passes moderation, I will supplement it by adding separate settings for closing long and short positions according to their MA
Machine Learning: Trend Lines [YinYangAlgorithms]Trend lines have always been a key indicator that may help predict many different types of price movements. They have been well known to create different types of formations such as: Pennants, Channels, Flags and Wedges. The type of formation they create is based on how the formation was created and the angle it was created. For instance, if there was a strong price increase and then there is a Wedge where both end points meet, this is considered a Bull Pennant. The formations Trend Lines create may be powerful tools that can help predict current Support and Resistance and also Future Momentum changes. However, not all Trend Lines will create formations, and alone they may stand as strong Support and Resistance locations on the Vertical.
The purpose of this Indicator is to apply Machine Learning logic to a Traditional Trend Line Calculation, and therefore allowing a new approach to a modern indicator of high usage. The results of such are quite interesting and goes to show the impacts a simple KNN Machine Learning model can have on Traditional Indicators.
Tutorial:
There are a few different settings within this Indicator. Many will greatly impact the results and if any are changed, lots will need ‘Fine Tuning’. So let's discuss the main toggles that have great effects and what they do before discussing the lengths. Currently in this example above we have the Indicator at its Default Settings. In this example, you can see how the Trend Lines act as key Support and Resistance locations. Due note, Support and Resistance are a relative term, as is their color. What starts off as Support or Resistance may change when the price crosses over / under them.
In the example above we have zoomed in and circled locations that exhibited markers of Support and Resistance along the Trend Lines. These Trend Lines are all created using the Default Settings. As you can see from the example above; just because it is a Green Upwards Trend Line, doesn’t mean it’s a Support Line. Support and Resistance is always shifting on Trend Lines based on the prices location relative to them.
We won’t go through all the Formations Trend Lines make, but the example above, we can see the Trend Lines formed a Downward Channel. Channels are when there are two parallel downwards Trend Lines that are at a relatively similar angle. This means that they won’t ever meet. What may happen when the price is within these channels, is it may bounce between the upper and lower bounds. These Channels may drive the price upwards or downwards, depending on if it is in an Upwards or Downwards Channel.
If you refer to the example above, you’ll notice that the Trend Lines are formed like traditional Trend Lines. They don’t stem from current Highs and Lows but rather Machine Learning Highs and Lows. More often than not, the Machine Learning approach to Trend Lines cause their start point and angle to be quite different than a Traditional Trend Line. Due to this, it may help predict Support and Resistance locations at are more uncommon and therefore can be quite useful.
In the example above we have turned off the toggle in Settings ‘Use Exponential Data Average’. This Settings uses a custom Exponential Data Average of the KNN rather than simply averaging the KNN. By Default it is enabled, but as you can see when it is disabled it may create some pretty strong lasting Trend Lines. This is why we advise you ZOOM OUT AS FAR AS YOU CAN. Trend Lines are only displayed when you’ve zoomed out far enough that their Start Point is visible.
As you can see in this example above, there were 3 major Upward Trend Lines created in 2020 that have had a major impact on Support and Resistance Locations within the last year. Lets zoom in and get a closer look.
We have zoomed in for this example above, and circled some of the major Support and Resistance locations that these Upward Trend Lines may have had a major impact on.
Please note, these Machine Learning Trend Lines aren’t a ‘One Size Fits All’ kind of thing. They are completely customizable within the Settings, so that you can get a tailored experience based on what Pair and Time Frame you are trading on.
When any values are changed within the Settings, you’ll likely need to ‘Fine Tune’ the rest of the settings until your desired result is met. By default the modifiable lengths within the Settings are:
Machine Learning Length: 50
KNN Length:5
Fast ML Data Length: 5
Slow ML Data Length: 30
For example, let's toggle ‘Use Exponential Data Averages’ back on and change ‘Fast ML Data Length’ from 5 to 20 and ‘Slow ML Data Length’ from 30 to 50.
As you can in the example above, all of the lines have changed. Although there are still some strong Support Locations created by the Upwards Trend Lines.
We will conclude our Tutorial here. Hopefully you’ve learned how to use Machine Learning Trend Lines and will be able to now see some more unorthodox Support and Resistance locations on the Vertical.
Settings:
Use Machine Learning Sources: If disabled Traditional Trend line sources (High and Low) will be used rather than Rational Quadratics.
Use KNN Distance Sorting: You can disable this if you wish to not have the Machine Learning Data sorted using KNN. If disabled trend line logic will be Traditional.
Use Exponential Data Average: This Settings uses a custom Exponential Data Average of the KNN rather than simply averaging the KNN.
Machine Learning Length: How strong is our Machine Learning Memory? Please note, when this value is too high the data is almost 'too' much and can lead to poor results.
K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) Length: How many K-Nearest Neighbours are allowed with our Distance Clustering? Please note, too high or too low may lead to poor results.
Fast ML Data Length: Fast and Slow speed needs to be adjusted properly to see results. 3/5/7 all seem to work well for Fast.
Slow ML Data Length: Fast and Slow speed needs to be adjusted properly to see results. 20 - 50 all seem to work well for Slow.
If you have any questions, comments, ideas or concerns please don't hesitate to contact us.
HAPPY TRADING!
MomentumIndicatorsLibrary "MomentumIndicators"
This is a library of 'Momentum Indicators', also denominated as oscillators.
The purpose of this library is to organize momentum indicators in just one place, making it easy to access.
In addition, it aims to allow customized versions, not being restricted to just the price value.
An example of this use case is the popular Stochastic RSI.
# Indicators:
1. Relative Strength Index (RSI):
Measures the relative strength of recent price gains to recent price losses of an asset.
2. Rate of Change (ROC):
Measures the percentage change in price of an asset over a specified time period.
3. Stochastic Oscillator (Stoch):
Compares the current price of an asset to its price range over a specified time period.
4. True Strength Index (TSI):
Measures the price change, calculating the ratio of the price change (positive or negative) in relation to the
absolute price change.
The values of both are smoothed twice to reduce noise, and the final result is normalized
in a range between 100 and -100.
5. Stochastic Momentum Index (SMI):
Combination of the True Strength Index with a signal line to help identify turning points in the market.
6. Williams Percent Range (Williams %R):
Compares the current price of an asset to its highest high and lowest low over a specified time period.
7. Commodity Channel Index (CCI):
Measures the relationship between an asset's current price and its moving average.
8. Ultimate Oscillator (UO):
Combines three different time periods to help identify possible reversal points.
9. Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD):
Shows the difference between short-term and long-term exponential moving averages.
10. Fisher Transform (FT):
Normalize prices into a Gaussian normal distribution.
11. Inverse Fisher Transform (IFT):
Transform the values of the Fisher Transform into a smaller and more easily interpretable scale is through the
application of an inverse transformation to the hyperbolic tangent function.
This transformation takes the values of the FT, which range from -infinity to +infinity, to a scale limited
between -1 and +1, allowing them to be more easily visualized and compared.
12. Premier Stochastic Oscillator (PSO):
Normalizes the standard stochastic oscillator by applying a five-period double exponential smoothing average of
the %K value, resulting in a symmetric scale of 1 to -1
# Indicators of indicators:
## Stochastic:
1. Stochastic of RSI (Relative Strengh Index)
2. Stochastic of ROC (Rate of Change)
3. Stochastic of UO (Ultimate Oscillator)
4. Stochastic of TSI (True Strengh Index)
5. Stochastic of Williams R%
6. Stochastic of CCI (Commodity Channel Index).
7. Stochastic of MACD (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence)
8. Stochastic of FT (Fisher Transform)
9. Stochastic of Volume
10. Stochastic of MFI (Money Flow Index)
11. Stochastic of On OBV (Balance Volume)
12. Stochastic of PVI (Positive Volume Index)
13. Stochastic of NVI (Negative Volume Index)
14. Stochastic of PVT (Price-Volume Trend)
15. Stochastic of VO (Volume Oscillator)
16. Stochastic of VROC (Volume Rate of Change)
## Inverse Fisher Transform:
1.Inverse Fisher Transform on RSI (Relative Strengh Index)
2.Inverse Fisher Transform on ROC (Rate of Change)
3.Inverse Fisher Transform on UO (Ultimate Oscillator)
4.Inverse Fisher Transform on Stochastic
5.Inverse Fisher Transform on TSI (True Strength Index)
6.Inverse Fisher Transform on CCI (Commodity Channel Index)
7.Inverse Fisher Transform on Fisher Transform (FT)
8.Inverse Fisher Transform on MACD (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence)
9.Inverse Fisher Transfor on Williams R% (Williams Percent Range)
10.Inverse Fisher Transfor on CMF (Chaikin Money Flow)
11.Inverse Fisher Transform on VO (Volume Oscillator)
12.Inverse Fisher Transform on VROC (Volume Rate of Change)
## Stochastic Momentum Index:
1.Stochastic Momentum Index of RSI (Relative Strength Index)
2.Stochastic Momentum Index of ROC (Rate of Change)
3.Stochastic Momentum Index of VROC (Volume Rate of Change)
4.Stochastic Momentum Index of Williams R% (Williams Percent Range)
5.Stochastic Momentum Index of FT (Fisher Transform)
6.Stochastic Momentum Index of CCI (Commodity Channel Index)
7.Stochastic Momentum Index of UO (Ultimate Oscillator)
8.Stochastic Momentum Index of MACD (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence)
9.Stochastic Momentum Index of Volume
10.Stochastic Momentum Index of MFI (Money Flow Index)
11.Stochastic Momentum Index of CMF (Chaikin Money Flow)
12.Stochastic Momentum Index of On Balance Volume (OBV)
13.Stochastic Momentum Index of Price-Volume Trend (PVT)
14.Stochastic Momentum Index of Volume Oscillator (VO)
15.Stochastic Momentum Index of Positive Volume Index (PVI)
16.Stochastic Momentum Index of Negative Volume Index (NVI)
## Relative Strength Index:
1. RSI for Volume
2. RSI for Moving Average
rsi(source, length)
RSI (Relative Strengh Index). Measures the relative strength of recent price gains to recent price losses of an asset.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
length : (int) Period of loopback
Returns: (float) Series of RSI
roc(source, length)
ROC (Rate of Change). Measures the percentage change in price of an asset over a specified time period.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
length : (int) Period of loopback
Returns: (float) Series of ROC
stoch(kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Stochastic Oscillator. Compares the current price of an asset to its price range over a specified time period.
Parameters:
kLength
kSmoothing : (int) Period for smoothig stochastic
dSmoothing : (int) Period for signal (moving average of stochastic)
maTypeK : (int) Type of Moving Average for Stochastic Oscillator
maTypeD : (int) Type of Moving Average for Stochastic Oscillator Signal
almaOffsetKD : (float) Offset for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average for Oscillator and Signal
almaSigmaKD : (float) Sigma for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average for Oscillator and Signal
lsmaOffSetKD : (int) Offset for Least Squares Moving Average for Oscillator and Signal
Returns: A tuple of Stochastic Oscillator and Moving Average of Stochastic Oscillator
stoch(source, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Stochastic Oscillator. Customized source. Compares the current price of an asset to its price range over a specified time period.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
kLength : (int) Period of loopback to calculate the stochastic
kSmoothing : (int) Period for smoothig stochastic
dSmoothing : (int) Period for signal (moving average of stochastic)
maTypeK : (int) Type of Moving Average for Stochastic Oscillator
maTypeD : (int) Type of Moving Average for Stochastic Oscillator Signal
almaOffsetKD : (float) Offset for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average for Stoch and Signal
almaSigmaKD : (float) Sigma for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average for Stoch and Signal
lsmaOffSetKD : (int) Offset for Least Squares Moving Average for Stoch and Signal
Returns: A tuple of Stochastic Oscillator and Moving Average of Stochastic Oscillator
tsi(source, shortLength, longLength, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet)
TSI (True Strengh Index). Measures the price change, calculating the ratio of the price change (positive or negative) in relation to the absolute price change.
The values of both are smoothed twice to reduce noise, and the final result is normalized in a range between 100 and -100.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
shortLength : (int) Short length
longLength : (int) Long length
maType : (int) Type of Moving Average for TSI
almaOffset : (float) Offset for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
almaSigma : (float) Sigma for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
lsmaOffSet : (int) Offset for Least Squares Moving Average
Returns: (float) TSI
smi(sourceTSI, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
SMI (Stochastic Momentum Index). A TSI (True Strengh Index) plus a signal line.
Parameters:
sourceTSI : (float) Source of series for TSI (close, high, low, etc.)
shortLengthTSI : (int) Short length for TSI
longLengthTSI : (int) Long length for TSI
maTypeTSI : (int) Type of Moving Average for Signal of TSI
almaOffsetTSI : (float) Offset for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
almaSigmaTSI : (float) Sigma for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
lsmaOffSetTSI : (int) Offset for Least Squares Moving Average
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
Returns: A tuple with TSI, signal of TSI and histogram of difference
wpr(source, length)
Williams R% (Williams Percent Range). Compares the current price of an asset to its highest high and lowest low over a specified time period.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
length : (int) Period of loopback
Returns: (float) Series of Williams R%
cci(source, length, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet)
CCI (Commodity Channel Index). Measures the relationship between an asset's current price and its moving average.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
length : (int) Period of loopback
maType : (int) Type of Moving Average
almaOffset : (float) Offset for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
almaSigma : (float) Sigma for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
lsmaOffSet : (int) Offset for Least Squares Moving Average
Returns: (float) Series of CCI
ultimateOscillator(fastLength, middleLength, slowLength)
UO (Ultimate Oscilator). Combines three different time periods to help identify possible reversal points.
Parameters:
fastLength : (int) Fast period of loopback
middleLength : (int) Middle period of loopback
slowLength : (int) Slow period of loopback
Returns: (float) Series of Ultimate Oscilator
ultimateOscillator(source, fastLength, middleLength, slowLength)
UO (Ultimate Oscilator). Customized source. Combines three different time periods to help identify possible reversal points.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
fastLength : (int) Fast period of loopback
middleLength : (int) Middle period of loopback
slowLength : (int) Slow period of loopback
Returns: (float) Series of Ultimate Oscilator
macd(source, fastLength, slowLength, signalLength, maTypeFast, maTypeSlow, maTypeMACD, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet)
MACD (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence). Shows the difference between short-term and long-term exponential moving averages.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
fastLength : (int) Period for fast moving average
slowLength : (int) Period for slow moving average
signalLength : (int) Signal length
maTypeFast : (int) Type of fast moving average
maTypeSlow : (int) Type of slow moving average
maTypeMACD : (int) Type of MACD moving average
almaOffset : (float) Offset for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
almaSigma : (float) Sigma for Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
lsmaOffSet : (int) Offset for Least Squares Moving Average
Returns: A tuple with MACD, Signal, and Histgram
fisher(length)
Fisher Transform. Normalize prices into a Gaussian normal distribution.
Parameters:
length
Returns: A tuple with Fisher Transform and signal
fisher(source, length)
Fisher Transform. Customized source. Normalize prices into a Gaussian normal distribution.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
length
Returns: A tuple with Fisher Transform and signal
inverseFisher(source, length, subtrahend, denominator)
Inverse Fisher Transform.
Transform the values of the Fisher Transform into a smaller and more easily interpretable scale is
through the application of an inverse transformation to the hyperbolic tangent function.
This transformation takes the values of the FT, which range from -infinity to +infinity,
to a scale limited between -1 and +1, allowing them to be more easily visualized and compared.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
length : (int) Period for loopback
subtrahend : (int) Denominator. Useful in unbounded indicators. For example, in CCI.
denominator
Returns: (float) Series of Inverse Fisher Transform
premierStoch(length, smoothlen)
Premier Stochastic Oscillator (PSO).
Normalizes the standard stochastic oscillator by applying a five-period double exponential smoothing
average of the %K value, resulting in a symmetric scale of 1 to -1.
Parameters:
length : (int) Period for loopback
smoothlen : (int) Period for smoothing
Returns: (float) Series of PSO
premierStoch(source, smoothlen, subtrahend, denominator)
Premier Stochastic Oscillator (PSO) of custom source.
Normalizes the source by applying a five-period double exponential smoothing average.
Parameters:
source : (float) Source of series (close, high, low, etc.)
smoothlen : (int) Period for smoothing
subtrahend : (int) Denominator. Useful in unbounded indicators. For example, in CCI.
denominator
Returns: (float) Series of PSO
stochRsi(sourceRSI, lengthRSI, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
sourceRSI
lengthRSI
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochRoc(sourceROC, lengthROC, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
sourceROC
lengthROC
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochUO(fastLength, middleLength, slowLength, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
fastLength
middleLength
slowLength
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochTSI(source, shortLength, longLength, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
shortLength
longLength
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochWPR(source, length, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
length
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochCCI(source, length, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
length
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochMACD(source, fastLength, slowLength, signalLength, maTypeFast, maTypeSlow, maTypeMACD, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
fastLength
slowLength
signalLength
maTypeFast
maTypeSlow
maTypeMACD
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochFT(length, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
length
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochVolume(kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochMFI(source, length, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
length
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochOBV(source, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochPVI(source, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochNVI(source, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochPVT(source, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
source
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochVO(shortLen, longLen, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
shortLen
longLen
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
stochVROC(length, kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD)
Parameters:
length
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
iftRSI(sourceRSI, lengthRSI, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
sourceRSI
lengthRSI
lengthIFT
iftROC(sourceROC, lengthROC, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
sourceROC
lengthROC
lengthIFT
iftUO(fastLength, middleLength, slowLength, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
fastLength
middleLength
slowLength
lengthIFT
iftStoch(kLength, kSmoothing, dSmoothing, maTypeK, maTypeD, almaOffsetKD, almaSigmaKD, lsmaOffSetKD, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
kLength
kSmoothing
dSmoothing
maTypeK
maTypeD
almaOffsetKD
almaSigmaKD
lsmaOffSetKD
lengthIFT
iftTSI(source, shortLength, longLength, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
source
shortLength
longLength
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
lengthIFT
iftCCI(source, length, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
source
length
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
lengthIFT
iftFisher(length, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
length
lengthIFT
iftMACD(source, fastLength, slowLength, signalLength, maTypeFast, maTypeSlow, maTypeMACD, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
source
fastLength
slowLength
signalLength
maTypeFast
maTypeSlow
maTypeMACD
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
lengthIFT
iftWPR(source, length, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
source
length
lengthIFT
iftMFI(source, length, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
source
length
lengthIFT
iftCMF(length, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
length
lengthIFT
iftVO(shortLen, longLen, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
shortLen
longLen
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
lengthIFT
iftVROC(length, lengthIFT)
Parameters:
length
lengthIFT
smiRSI(source, length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiROC(source, length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiVROC(length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiWPR(source, length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiFT(length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiFT(source, length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiCCI(source, length, maTypeCCI, almaOffsetCCI, almaSigmaCCI, lsmaOffSetCCI, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
length
maTypeCCI
almaOffsetCCI
almaSigmaCCI
lsmaOffSetCCI
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiUO(fastLength, middleLength, slowLength, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
fastLength
middleLength
slowLength
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiMACD(source, fastLength, slowLength, signalLength, maTypeFast, maTypeSlow, maTypeMACD, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
fastLength
slowLength
signalLength
maTypeFast
maTypeSlow
maTypeMACD
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiVol(shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiMFI(source, length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiCMF(length, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
length
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiOBV(source, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiPVT(source, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiVO(shortLen, longLen, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
shortLen
longLen
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiPVI(source, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
smiNVI(source, shortLengthTSI, longLengthTSI, maTypeTSI, almaOffsetTSI, almaSigmaTSI, lsmaOffSetTSI, maTypeSignal, smoothingLengthSignal, almaOffsetSignal, almaSigmaSignal, lsmaOffSetSignal)
Parameters:
source
shortLengthTSI
longLengthTSI
maTypeTSI
almaOffsetTSI
almaSigmaTSI
lsmaOffSetTSI
maTypeSignal
smoothingLengthSignal
almaOffsetSignal
almaSigmaSignal
lsmaOffSetSignal
rsiVolume(length)
Parameters:
length
rsiMA(sourceMA, lengthMA, maType, almaOffset, almaSigma, lsmaOffSet, lengthRSI)
Parameters:
sourceMA
lengthMA
maType
almaOffset
almaSigma
lsmaOffSet
lengthRSI
Power Indicator - EMAs + VWAP + Volume BarThe Power Indicator is intended to return some exponential moving average, vwap, volume bar, and others. With this compilation, you will be able to use them as one indicator in Trading View.
The components are:
- EMA9 - Exponential Moving Average of 9 days
- EMA21 - Exponential Moving Average of 21 days
- EMA50 - Exponential Moving Average of 50 days
- EMA200 - Exponential Moving Average of 200 days
- Volume Bar - This indicator provides the volume of the candle and its strength by showing different colors. It's a way to check expressive volume in one bar.
- Vwap line
- Indicator
If you have any questions, let me know!
[blackcat] L1 True Range Adjusted EMA (TRAdj EMA) Level: 1
Background
In Traders’ Tips in January 2023, Vitali Apirine published an article in the January 2023 issue, “True Range Adjusted Exponential Moving Average (TRAdj EMA)”.
I use pine v4 to script it.
Function
Vitali Apirine's article True Range Adjusted Exponential Moving Average (TRAdj EMA) presents how a security's True Range, which measures volatility, can be integrated into a traditional exponential moving average. The trend following indicator called True Range Adjusted Exponential Moving Average (TRAdj EMA) applied with different lengths can help define turning points and filter price movements. By comparing the indicator to an exponential moving average of the same length, the trader can gain insight into the overall trend.
Remarks
Feedbacks are appreciated.
TASC 2022.09 LRAdj EMA█ OVERVIEW
TASC's September 2022 edition of Traders' Tips includes an article by Vitali Apirine titled "The Linear Regression-Adjusted Exponential Moving Average". This script implements the titular indicator presented in this article.
█ CONCEPT
The Linear Regression-Adjusted Exponential Moving Average (LRAdj EMA) is a new tool that combines a linear regression indicator with exponential moving averages . First, the indicator accounts for the linear regression deviation, that is, the distance between the price and the linear regression indicator. Subsequently, an exponential moving average (EMA) smooths the price data and and provides an indication of the current direction.
As part of a trading system, LRAdj EMA can be used in conjunction with an exponential moving average of the same length to identify the overall trend. Alternatively, using LRAdj EMAs of different lengths together can help identify turning points.
█ CALCULATION
The script uses the following input parameters:
EMA Length
LR Lookback Period
Multiplier
The calculation of LRAdj EMA is carried out as follows:
Current LRAdj EMA = Prior LRAdj EMA + MLTP × (1+ LRAdj × Multiplier ) × ( Price − Prior LRAdj EMA ),
where MLTP is a weighting multiplier defined as MLTP = 2 ⁄ ( EMA Length + 1), and LRAdj is the linear regression adjustment (LRAdj) multiplier:
LRAdj = (Abs( Current LR Dist )−Abs( Minimum LR Dist )) ⁄ (Abs( Maximum LR Dist )−Abs( Minimum LR Dist ))
When calculating the LRAdj multiplier, the absolute values of the following quantities are used:
Current LR Dist is the distance between the current close and the linear regression indicator with a length determined by the LR Lookback Period parameter,
Minimum LR Dist is the minimum distance between the close and the linear regression indicator for the LR lookback period ,
Maximum LR Dist is the maximum distance between the close and the linear regression indicator for the LR lookback period .
Rma Stdev BandsStandard Deviation support resistances with percent boxes.
The Relative Moving Average isn’t a well-known moving average. But TradingView uses this average with two popular indicators: the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Average True Range (ATR)
The weighting factors that the Relative Moving Average uses decrease exponentially. That way recent bars have the highest weight, while earlier bars get smaller weights the older they are.
MovingAveragesLibraryLibrary "MovingAveragesLibrary"
This is a library allowing one to select between many different Moving Average formulas to smooth out any float variable.
You can use this library to apply a Moving Average function to any series of data as long as your source is a float.
The default application would be for applying Moving Averages onto your chart. However, the scope of this library is beyond that. Any indicator or strategy you are building can benefit from this library.
You can apply different types of smoothing and moving average functions to your indicators, momentum oscillators, average true range calculations, support and resistance zones, envelope bands, channels, and anything you can think of to attempt to smooth out noise while finding a delicate balance against lag.
If you are developing an indicator, you can use the 'ave_func' to allow your users to select any Moving Average for any function or variable by creating an input string with the following structure:
var_name = input.string(, , )
Where the types of Moving Average you would like to be provided would be included in options.
Example:
i_ma_type = input.string(title = "Moving Average Type", defval = "Hull Moving Average", options = )
Where you would add after options the strings I have included for you at the top of the PineScript for your convenience.
Then for the output you desire, simply call 'ave_func' like so:
ma = ave_func(source, length, i_ma_type)
Now the plotted Moving Average will be the same as what you or your users select from the Input.
ema(src, len) Exponential Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Float value.
sma(src, len) Simple Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Float value.
rma(src, len) Relative Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Float value.
wma(src, len) Weighted Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Float value.
dv2(len) Donchian V2 function.
Parameters:
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Open + Close / 2 for the selected length.
ModFilt(src, len) Modular Filter smoothing function.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Float value.
EDSMA(src, len) Ehlers Dynamic Smoothed Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: EDSMA smoothing.
dema(x, t) Double Exponential Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: DEMA smoothing.
tema(src, len) Triple Exponential Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: TEMA smoothing.
smma(x, t) Smoothed Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: SMMA smoothing.
vwma(x, t) Volume Weighted Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: VWMA smoothing.
hullma(x, t) Hull Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Hull smoothing.
covwma(x, t) Coefficient of Variation Weighted Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: COVWMA smoothing.
frama(x, t) Fractal Reactive Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: FRAMA smoothing.
kama(x, t) Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average.
Parameters:
x : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
t : Lookback length to use.
Returns: KAMA smoothing.
donchian(len) Donchian Calculation.
Parameters:
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: Average of the highest price and the lowest price for the specified look-back period.
tma(src, len) Triangular Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: TMA smoothing.
VAMA(src, len) Volatility Adjusted Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: VAMA smoothing.
Jurik(src, len) Jurik Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: JMA smoothing.
MCG(src, len) McGinley smoothing.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: McGinley smoothing.
zlema(series, length) Zero Lag Exponential Moving Average.
Parameters:
series : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
length : Lookback length to use.
Returns: ZLEMA smoothing.
xema(src, len) Optimized Exponential Moving Average.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
len : Lookback length to use.
Returns: XEMA smoothing.
EhlersSuperSmoother(src, lower) Ehlers Super Smoother.
Parameters:
src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
lower : Smoothing value to use.
Returns: Ehlers Super smoothing.
EhlersEmaSmoother(sig, smoothK, smoothP) Ehlers EMA Smoother.
Parameters:
sig : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
smoothK : Lookback length to use.
smoothP : Smothing value to use.
Returns: Ehlers EMA smoothing.
ave_func(in_src, in_len, in_type) Returns the source after running it through a Moving Average function.
Parameters:
in_src : Series to use ('close' is used if no argument is supplied).
in_len : Lookback period to be used for the Moving Average function.
in_type : Type of Moving Average function to use. Must have a string input to select the options from that MUST match the type-casing in the function below.
Returns: The source as a float after running it through the Moving Average function.
SuperTrended Moving AveragesA different approach to SuperTrend:
adding 100 periods Exponential Moving Average in calculation of SuperTrend and also 0.5 ATR Multiplier to have a clear view of the ongoing trend and also provides significant Supports and Resistances.
Default Moving Average type set as EMA (Exponential Moving Average) but users can choose from 11 different Moving Average types as:
SMA : Simple Moving Average
EMA : Exponential Moving Average
WMA : Weighted Moving Average
DEMA : Double Exponential Moving Average
TMA : Triangular Moving Average
VAR : Variable Index Dynamic Moving Average a.k.a. VIDYA
WWMA : Welles Wilder's Moving Average
ZLEMA : Zero Lag Exponential Moving Average
TSF : True Strength Force
HULL : Hull Moving Average
TILL : Tillson T3 Moving Average
Credits going to @CryptoErge for sharing his development to public.
Moving Average Trend█ OVERVIEW
This is a Moving Average Script that contains both a cloud and a ribbon that has independent MA-type selection.
⬆ green arrow up = up trend flip
⬇ red arrow down = down trend flip
🟢 Green Dot = Potential Long
🔴 Red Dot = Potential Short
█ CONCEPTS
1 — Cloud, like most trading algo, the cloud is made of 8 short term MA , with MA cross and MA cross (longema)
2 — Ribbon, this is by default turned off, the default values , an option in setting to change longema to look for ribbon cross
3 — Sequence, It goes from 1 – 9 at 9 the sequence resets. The sequence changes colour depending on if it’s a down trend(red) or uptrend(green) or an over extended trend (yellow)
Setup definitions
Red sell start = current close < the close 4 candles back
Yellow sell extended = current close < last close and current close < two closes back
Green buy start = current close > the close 4 candles back
Yellow buy extended = current close last close and current close < two closes back
This can help you find when it’s time to get out, or sit out of a choppy trend.
4 - Moving Average types:
sma = Simple Moving Average
ema = Exponential Moving Average
wma = Weighted Moving Average
vwma = Volume Weighted Moving Average
rma = Running Moving Average
alma = Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
hma = Hull Moving Average
jma = Jurik Moving Average
frama-o = frama
frama-m = frama mod
dema = Double Exponential Moving Average
tema = Triple Exponential Moving Average
zlema = Zero lag Exponential Moving Average
smma = Smoothed Moving Average
kma = kaufman Moving Average
tma = triangular Moving Average
gmma = Geometric Mean Moving Average
vida = Variable Index Dynamic Average
cma = Corrective Moving average
rema = Range Exponential Moving average
█ OTHER SECTIONS
• FEATURES: to describe the detailed features of the script, usually arranged in the same order as users will find them in the script's inputs.
• HOW TO USE
• LIMITATIONS: Like with any MA script there is a lag factor associated with is.
• RAMBLINGS: Experiment to your hearts content with all the MA types, I'm impartial to HMA as is
• NOTES: some of the MA's are more taxing, therefore take longer to load, be patience, this is a trimmed down version of an existing invite only script i have
MA DerivativesMA Derivatives basicly using Ichimoku Cloud and some additional moving averages for traders.
A. ICHIMOKU
Tenkan-sen (Conversion Line): (9-period high + 9-period low)/2
On a daily chart , this line is the midpoint of the 9-day high-low range, which is almost two weeks.
Kijun-sen (Base Line): (26-period high + 26-period low)/2
On a daily chart , this line is the midpoint of the 26-day high-low range, which is almost one month.
Senkou Span A (Leading Span A): (Conversion Line + Base Line)/2
This is the midpoint between the Conversion Line and the Base Line. The Leading Span A forms one of the two Cloud boundaries. It is referred to as “Leading” because it is plotted 26 periods in the future and forms the faster Cloud boundary.
Senkou Span B (Leading Span B): (52-period high + 52-period low)/2
On the daily chart , this line is the midpoint of the 52-day high-low range, which is a little less than 3 months. The default calculation setting is 52 periods, but it can be adjusted. This value is plotted 26 periods in the future and forms the slower Cloud boundary.
Chikou Span: Represents the closing price and is plotted 26 days back.
Kumo Cloud: Kumo cloud between Senkuo Span A and Senkou Span B lines. It can be green or red. Color can be change with the trend.
You can use Ichimoku for buy&sell strategy
For Buying Strategy
- Tenkansen (Conversion Line) should crossover Kijunsen (Base line) above the highest line of cloud
- Price should be above the highest line of cloud
- Chikouspan should be above the cloud
For Selling Strategy
- Kijunsen (Base Line) should crossover Tenkansen (Conversion Line) below the lowest line of cloud
- Price should be below the lowest line of cloud
- Chikouspan should be below the cloud
B. SIMPLE MOVING AVERAGES
The indicator has some of Simple Moving Averages
It includes:
-Simple Moving Average 50
-Simple Moving Average 100
-Simple Moving Average 200
C. EXPONENTIAL MOVING AVERAGES
The indicator has some of Simple Moving Averages
It includes:
-Exponential Moving Average 9
-Exponential Moving Average 21
-Exponential Moving Average 50
D. BOLLINGER BAND
Bollinger Bands are a type of price envelope developed by John BollingerOpens in a new window. (Price envelopes define upper and lower price range levels.) Bollinger Bands are envelopes plotted at a standard deviation level above and below a simple moving average of the price. Because the distance of the bands is based on standard deviation, they adjust to volatility swings in the underlying price.
Bollinger Bands use 2 parameters, Period and Standard Deviations, StdDev. The default values are 20 for period, and 2 for standard deviations, although you may customize the combinations.
Bollinger bands help determine whether prices are high or low on a relative basis. They are used in pairs, both upper and lower bands and in conjunction with a moving average. Further, the pair of bands is not intended to be used on its own. Use the pair to confirm signals given with other indicators.
How this indicator works
When the bands tighten during a period of low volatility, it raises the likelihood of a sharp price move in either direction. This may begin a trending move. Watch out for a false move in opposite direction which reverses before the proper trend begins.
When the bands separate by an unusual large amount, volatility increases and any existing trend may be ending.
Prices have a tendency to bounce within the bands' envelope, touching one band then moving to the other band. You can use these swings to help identify potential profit targets. For example, if a price bounces off the lower band and then crosses above the moving average, the upper band then becomes the profit target.
Price can exceed or hug a band envelope for prolonged periods during strong trends. On divergence with a momentum oscillator, you may want to do additional research to determine if taking additional profits is appropriate for you.
A strong trend continuation can be expected when the price moves out of the bands. However, if prices move immediately back inside the band, then the suggested strength is negated.
Calculation
First, calculate a simple moving average. Next, calculate the standard deviation over the same number of periods as the simple moving average. For the upper band, add the standard deviation to the moving average. For the lower band, subtract the standard deviation from the moving average.
Typical values used:
Short term: 10 day moving average, bands at 1.5 standard deviations. (1.5 times the standard dev. +/- the SMA)
Medium term: 20 day moving average, bands at 2 standard deviations.
Long term: 50 day moving average, bands at 2.5 standard deviations.
E. ADJUSTABLE MOVING AVERAGES
And this script has also 2 adjustable moving average
- 1 Adjustable Simple Moving Average
- 1 Adjustable Exponential Moving Average
You can just change the length for using this tool.
TrendyIndicator without parameters. The indicator value is the sum of two counters. The first counter adds the ratio (Close/Open) to its previous value if Close > Open. The second counter subtracts from its previous value (Open/Close) if Close < Open. Counters start with zeros. For a larger variance, the ratio is taken exponentially. In general, this is the difference between the number of rising and falling candlesticks.
Grid Like StrategyIt is possible to use progressive position sizing in order to recover from past losses, a well-known position sizing system being the "martingale", which consists of doubling your position size after a loss, this allows you to recover any previous losses in a losing streak + winning an extra. This system has seen a lot of attention from the trading community (mostly from beginners), and many strategies have been designed around the martingale, one of them being "grid trading strategies".
While such strategies often shows promising results on paper, they are often subjects to many frictions during live trading that makes them totally unusable and dangerous to the trader. The motivations behind posting such a strategy isn't to glorify such systems, but rather to present the problems behind them, many users come to me with their ideas and glorious ways to make money, sometimes they present strategies using the martingale, and it is important to present the flaws of this methodology rather than blindly saying "you shouldn't use it".
Strategy Settings
Point determines the "grid" size and should be adjusted accordingly to the scale of the symbol you are applying the strategy to. Higher value would require larger price movements in order to trigger a trade, as such higher values will generate fewer trades.
The order size determines the number of contracts/shares to purchase.
The martingale multiplier determines the factor by which the position size is multiplied after a loss, using values higher to 2 will "squarify" your balance, while a value of 1 would use a constant position sizing.
Finally, the anti-martingale parameter determines whether the strategy uses a reverse martingale or not, if set to true then the position size is multiplied after any wins.
The Grid
Grid strategies are commons and do not present huge problems until we use certain position sizing methods such as the martingale. A martingale is extremely sensitive to any kind of friction (frictional costs, slippage...etc), the grid strategy aims to provide a stable and simple environment where a martingale might possibly behave well.
The goal of a simple grid strategy is to go long once the price crossover a certain level, a take profit is set at the level above the current one and stop loss is placed at the level below the current one, in a winning scenario the price reach the take profit, the position is closed and a new one is opened with the same setup. In a losing scenario, the price reaches the stop loss level, the position is closed and a short one is opened, the take profit is set at the level below the current one, and a stop loss is set at the level above the current one. Note that all levels are equally spaced.
It follows from this strategy that wins and losses should be constant over time, as such our balance would evolve in a linear fashion. This is a great setup for a martingale, as we are theoretically assured to recover all the looses in a losing streak.
Martingale - Exponential Decays - Risk/Reward
By using a martingale we double our position size (exposure) each time we lose a trade, if we look at our balance when using a martingale we see significant drawdowns, with our balance peaking down significantly. The martingale sequence is subject to exponential growth, as such using a martingale makes our balance exposed to exponential decays, that's really bad, we could basically lose all the initially invested capital in a short amount of time, it follows from this that the theoretical success of a martingale is determined by what is the maximum losing streak you can endure
Now consider how a martingale affects our risk-reward ratio, assuming unity position sizing our martingale sequence can be described by 2^(x-1) , using this formula we would get the amount of shares/contracts we need to purchase at the x trade of a losing streak, we would need to purchase 256 contracts in order to recover from a losing streak of size 9, this is enormous when you take into account that your wins are way smaller, the risk-reward ratio is totally unfair.
Of course, some users might think that a losing streak of size 9 is pretty unlikely, if the probability of winning and losing are both equal to 0.5, then the probability of 9 consecutive losses is equal to 0.5^9 , there are approximately 0.2% of chance of having such large losing streak, note however that under a ranging market such case scenario could happen, but we will see later that the length of a losing streak is not the only problem.
Other Problems
Having a capital large enough to tank 9any number of consecutive losses is not the only thing one should focus on, as we have to take into account market prices and trading dynamics, that's where the ugly part start.
Our first problem is frictional costs, one example being the spread, but this is a common problem for any strategy, however here a martingale is extra sensitive to it, if the strategy does not account for it then we will still double our positions costs but we might not recover all the losses of a losing streak, instead we would be recovering only a proportion of it, under such scenario you would be certain to lose over time.
Another problem are gaps, market price might open under a stop-loss without triggering it, and this is a big no-no.
Equity of the strategy on AMD, in a desired scenario the equity at the second arrow should have been at a higher position than the equity at the first arrow.
In order for the strategy to be more effective, we would need to trade a market that does not close, such as the cryptocurrency market. Finally, we might be affected by slippage, altho only extreme values might drastically affect our balance.
The Anti Martingale
The strategy lets you use an anti-martingale, which double the position size after a win instead of a loss, the goal here is not to recover from a losing strike but instead to profit from a potential winning streak.
Here we are exposing your balance to exponential gross but you might also lose a trade at the end a winning streak, you will generally want to reinitialize your position size after a few wins instead of waiting for the end of a streak.
Alternative
You can use other-kind of progressions for position sizing, such as a linear one, increasing your position size by a constant number each time you lose. More gentle progressions will recover a proportion of your losses in a losing streak.
You can also simulate the effect of a martingale without doubling your position size by doubling your target profit, if for example you have a 10$ profit-target/stop-loss and lose a trade, you can use a 20$ profit target to recover from the lost trade + gain a profit of 10$. While this approach does not introduce exponential decay in your balance, you are betting on the market reaching your take profits, considering the fact that you are doubling their size you are expecting market volatility to increase drastically over time, as such this approach would not be extremely effective for high losing streak.
Conclusion
You will see a lot of auto-trading strategies that are based on a grid approach, they might even use a martingale. While the backtests will look appealing, you should think twice before using such kind of strategy, remember that frictional costs will be a huge challenge for the strategy, and that it assumes that the trader has an important initial capital. We have also seen that the risk/reward ratio is theoretically the worst you can have on a strategy, having a low reward and a high risk. This does not mean that progressive position sizing is bad, but it should not be pushed to the extreme.
It is nice to note that the martingale is originally a betting system designed for casino games, which unlike trading are not subject to frictional costs, but even casino players don't use it, so why would you?
Thx for reading
Flying Buddha Inside Bars Indicator v1 by JustUncleLDescription:
=============
This indicator plots MAs and paints Triggered Alert Arrows base on Flying Buddha candle patterns.
The “Flying Buddha” Pattern is defined as:
---------------------------------------------
A candlestick chart with two moving averages: the 5 period exponential moving average (fast EMA) and the 10 period simple moving average (slow SMA), both applied to the closing price. The default “Flying Buddha” pattern is any candlestick which:
1. Has a LOW above the fast EMA, when the fast EMA is above the slow SMA (a bearish “Flying Buddha”); or
2. Has a HIGH below the fast EMA, when the fast EMA is below the slow SMA (a bullish “Flying Buddha”).
Alert Trigger:
---------------
A Flying Buddha Alert is triggered on the first candle that is a non-flying Buddha candle after a Flying Buddha Pattern candle sequence. Flying Buddhas can optionally be filtered by InsideBars and PinBars.
The Alert Trigger is optionally filtered by the Directional MA (default=EMA 89), and/or by Minimum Sequence length of Flying Buddhas.
Moving Averages:
------------------
You can select between 11 different types of moving averages, for each MA line in Flying Buddha MAs (fastMA and slowMA) and the Directional Filter MA:
SMA = Simple Moving Average.
EMA = Exponential Moving Average.
WMA = Weighted Moving Average
VWMA = Volume Weighted Moving Average
SMMA = Smoothed Simple Moving Average.
DEMA = Double Exponential Moving Average
TEMA = Triple Exponential Moving Average.
HullMA = Hull Moving Average
SSMA = Ehlers Super Smoother Moving average
ZEMA = Near Zero Lag Exponential Moving Average.
TMA = Triangular (smoothed) Simple Moving Average.
NOTE: This is a concept indicator, I also intend to release a trading BOT suitable for Autoview, based on this concept indicator.
Fib Guppy for volatility predictionsThis is a guppy made from FIbbonacci numbers (from 1 to 1597).
Here is how to trade with this guppy.
when 6-8 lines tighten together, it means there will be high volatility coming very soon. Trade according to where the next candle opens (for scalping etc). For example: if the 8 lines of guppy tighten and candle closes above guppy with momentum and trend in the same direction(up), then there could be expected a big move in that direction. Vice versa if a candle closes below the tightened guppy with momentum and trend at the same direction, then the volatility will push price lower exponentially.
Easy. peace of cake. go make yourself a millionaire.
Moving Average RibbonThis is an extension of the Madrid Moving Average Ribbon public script to allow for different kinds of moving averages (the original allows only exponential and simple). Possible entries in the MA Type argument field are:
sma (simple moving average)
ema (exponential moving average)
wma (weighted moving average)
trima (triangular moving average)
zlema (zero-lag exponential moving average)
dema (double exponential moving average)
tema (triple exponential moving average)
hma (hull moving average)
If the argument given by the user does not match anything from the above list, it will default to ema.
BTC - Metcalfes Law (Deviation)Title: BTC – Metcalfe's Law (Deviation) | RM
Overview & Philosophy
The BTC – Metcalfe's Law (Deviation) is a fundamental valuation oscillator that answers one of the most important questions in network economics: "Is the current price justified by the number of active users?" Metcalfe's Law states that the value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of its connected users (Value = Users squared). In the context of Bitcoin, this means that as the number of active addresses grows linearly, the network's fair value should grow exponentially.This script identifies periods where Bitcoin’s market capitalization has become "overextended" or "undervalued" relative to its actual network activity.
Methodology
The indicator performs a rolling log-log regression (Ordinary Least Squares) between Bitcoin's Market Cap and its Active Address count over a 730-day (2-year) window.
1. The Regression: The script calculates the statistical relationship: ln(Market Cap) = alpha + beta * ln(Active Addresses)
2. Pure Metcalfe vs. Generalized Metcalfe:
• Pure Metcalfe (Beta=2): By default, the script enforces a slope of 2.0, adhering to the classic mathematical law.
• Dynamic Fit: Users can disable the "Enforce Metcalfe" setting to let the model find the best historical fit (often resulting in a Beta between 1.5 and 1.8).
3. The Deviation (The Signal):
The resulting line represents the Log-Deviation from Fair Value.
• A value of 0.0 means Bitcoin is priced exactly according to its network utility.
• Positive values indicate a "valuation premium".
• Negative values indicate a "valuation discount".
How to Read the Chart
🔴 The Red Zone (Overvaluation > 1.0)
Meaning: The Market Cap has outpaced the growth of active users. Historically, these peaks represent speculative bubbles or cycle tops where price is driven by hype rather than utility.
🟢 The Green Zone (Undervaluation < -0.25)
Meaning: The network is being utilized, but the price has crashed below its fundamental support. Historically, these "Utility Floors" have marked the most profitable accumulation zones in Bitcoin’s history.
🟠 The Orange Line (Fair Value Transition)
Meaning: The market is in a healthy growth phase, moving in lockstep with user adoption.
Strategy & Interpretation
This tool is a Macro Compass . It is designed to help investors stay objective during periods of extreme market emotion.
• In a Bull Market: Watch for the deviation to hit the Red Zone. This is your signal that the "Network Utility" can no longer support the price, and a major correction is likely imminent.
• In a Bear Market: Look for the "Green Floor." When the price stays below the -0.25 level despite stable user activity, it suggests a massive mismatch between value and price—a classic buy signal.
Settings
• Regression Window (Default: 730 Days): Chosen to capture mid-to-long term cycle trends. Adjust to shorter timeframes for more dynamic behavior or longer timeframes (like 1460 Days) to catch longer cycles.
• Enforce Metcalfe: Toggle between the classic law (Beta=2) and a dynamic fit.
• Smoothing: A 30-day SMA is applied to active addresses to filter out daily "jitter."
Credits
• Robert Metcalfe: For the original law of network utility.
• Willy Woo & Greg Wheatley: For their pioneering work in applying Metcalfe's Law specifically to Bitcoin's valuation.
Important Data Requirement
To function, this indicator requires a data feed for Active Addresses . By default, it is set to GLASSNODE:BTC_ACTIVEADDRESSES . Please Note: On-chain data usually requires a premium vendor subscription on TradingView (e.g., Glassnode, IntoTheBlock, or CryptoQuant). If you do not have a subscription, the indicator will display a "Missing Data" warning.
⚠️ Note: This indicator is optimized for the Daily (1D) Timeframe. Please switch your chart to 1D for accurate signal reading.
Disclaimer
This script is for research and educational purposes only. It relies on third-party on-chain data. Fundamental valuation is only one piece of the puzzle; market dynamics can remain irrational longer than metrics can predict.
Tags
bitcoin, btc, on-chain, metcalfe, adoption, fundamental, valuation, active addresses, cycle, Rob Maths
Bitcoin Power Law Zones (Dunk)Introduction When viewed on a standard linear chart, Bitcoin’s long-term price action can appear chaotic and exponential. However, when analyzed through the lens of physics and network growth models, a distinct structure emerges.
This indicator implements the Bitcoin Power Law , a mathematical model that suggests Bitcoin’s price evolves in a straight line when plotted against time on a "log-log" scale. By calculating parallel bands around this regression line, we create a "Rainbow" of valuation zones that help investors visualize whether the asset is historically overheated, undervalued, or sitting at fair value.
The Math Behind the Model The Power Law dictates that price scales with time according to the formula: Price = A * (days since genesis)^b
This script uses the specific parameters popularized by recent physics-based analyses of the network: Slope (b): 5.78 (Representing the scaling law of the network adoption). Amplitude (A): 1.45 x 10^-17 (The intercept coefficient).
While simple moving averages react to price, this model is predictive based on time and network growth physics, providing a long-term "gravity" center for the asset.
Guide to the Valuation Zones
Upper Bands (Red/Orange): Extr. Overvalued, High Premium, Overvalued. Historically, these zones have marked cycle peaks where price moved too far, too fast ahead of the network's steady growth. The Baseline (Black Line): Fair Value. The mathematical mean of the Power Law. Price has historically oscillated around this line, treating it as a center of gravity. Lower Bands (Green/Blue): Undervalued, Discount, Deep Discount. These zones represent periods where the market price has historically lagged behind the network's intrinsic value, often marking accumulation phases.
Note: The lowest theoretical tiers ("Bitcoin Dead") have been trimmed from this chart to focus on relevant historical support levels.
How to Use Logarithmic Scale: You MUST set your chart to "Log" scale (bottom right of the TradingView window) for this indicator to function correctly. On a linear chart, the bands will appear to curve upwards aggressively; on a Log chart, they will appear as smooth, parallel channels. Timeframe: This is a macro-economic indicator. It is best viewed on Daily or Weekly timeframes. Overlay Labels: The indicator includes dynamic labels on the right-side axis, allowing you to instantly see the current price requirements for each valuation zone without manually tracing lines.
Credits This script is based on the Power Law theory popularized by Giovanni Santostasi and the original Corridor concepts by Harold Christopher Burger .
Disclaimer This tool is for educational and informational purposes only. It visualizes historical mathematical trends and does not constitute financial advice. Past performance of a model is not indicative of future results.
Further Reading
www.hcburger.com
giovannisantostasi.medium.com
Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI [BOSWaves]Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI – Next-Level Momentum Smoothing & Signal Precision
Overview
The Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI transforms the classic Relative Strength Index into a robust, lag-minimized momentum oscillator through Holt-Winters triple exponential smoothing. By modeling the level, trend, and cyclical behavior of the RSI series, this indicator delivers smoother, more responsive signals that highlight overbought/oversold conditions, momentum shifts, and high-conviction trading setups without cluttering the chart with noise.
Unlike traditional RSI, which reacts to historical data and produces frequent whipsaws, the Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI filters transient price fluctuations, enabling traders to detect emerging momentum and potential reversal zones earlier.
Theoretical Foundation
The traditional RSI measures relative strength by comparing average gains and losses, but suffers from:
Lag in trend recognition : Signals often arrive after momentum has shifted.
Noise sensitivity : High-frequency price movements generate unreliable crossovers.
Limited insight into structural market shifts : Standard RSI cannot contextualize cyclical or momentum patterns.
The Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI addresses these limitations by applying triple exponential smoothing directly to the RSI series. This decomposes the series into:
Level (Lₜ) : Represents the smoothed central tendency of RSI.
Trend (Tₜ) : Captures rate-of-change in smoothed momentum.
Seasonal Component (Sₜ) : Models short-term cyclical deviations in momentum.
By incorporating these elements, the oscillator produces smoothed RSI values that react faster to emerging trends while suppressing erratic noise. Its internal forecast is mathematical, influencing the smoothed RSI output and signals, rather than being directly plotted.
How It Works
The Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI builds its signal framework through several layers:
1. Base RSI Calculation
Computes standard RSI over the selected period as the primary momentum input.
2. Triple Exponential Smoothing (Holt-Winters)
The RSI is smoothed recursively to extract underlying momentum structure:
Level, trend, and seasonal components are combined to produce a smoothed RSI.
This internal smoothing reduces lag and enhances signal reliability.
3. Momentum Analysis
Short-term momentum shifts are tracked via a moving average of the smoothed RSI, highlighting acceleration or deceleration in directional strength.
4. Volume Confirmation (Optional)
Buy/sell signals can be filtered through a configurable volume threshold, ensuring only high-conviction moves trigger alerts.
5. Visual Output
Colored Candles : Represent overbought (red), oversold (green), or neutral (yellow) conditions.
Oscillator Panel : Plots the smoothed RSI with dynamic color coding for immediate trend context.
Signals : Triangular markers indicate bullish or bearish setups, with stronger signals flagged in extreme zones.
Interpretation
The Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI provides a multi-dimensional perspective on price action:
Trend Strength : Smoothed RSI slope and color coding reflect the direction and momentum intensity.
Momentum Shifts : Rapid changes in the smoothed RSI indicate emerging strength or weakness.
Overbought/Oversold Zones : Highlight areas where price is stretched relative to recent momentum.
High-Conviction Signals : Combined with volume filtering, markers indicate optimal entries/exits.
Cycle Awareness : Smoothing reveals structural patterns, helping traders avoid reacting to noise.
By combining these elements, traders gain early insight into market structure and momentum without relying on raw, lag-prone RSI data.
Strategy Integration
The Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI can be applied across trading styles:
Trend Following
Enter when RSI is aligned with price momentum and color-coded signals confirm trend direction.
Strong slope in the smoothed RSI signals trend continuation.
Reversal Trading
Look for RSI extremes with momentum shifts and strong signal markers.
Compression in oscillator values often precedes reversal setups.
Breakout Detection
Oscillator flattening in neutral zones followed by directional expansion indicates potential breakout conditions.
Multi-Timeframe Confluence
Higher timeframes provide directional bias; lower timeframes refine entry timing using smoothed RSI dynamics.
Technical Implementation Details
Input Source : Close, open, high, low, or price.
Smoothing : Holt-Winters triple exponential smoothing applied to RSI.
Parameters :
Level (α) : Controls smoothing of RSI.
Trend (β) : Adjusts responsiveness to momentum changes.
Seasonal Length : Defines cycles for short-term adjustments.
Delta Smoothing : Reduces choppiness in smoothed RSI difference.
Outputs :
Smoothed RSI
Colored candles and oscillator panel
Buy/Sell signal markers (with optional strength filtering)
Volume Filtering : Optional threshold to confirm signals.
Optimal Application Parameters
Asset-Specific Guidance:
Forex : Use moderate smoothing (α, β) to capture medium-term momentum swings while filtering minor price noise. Works best when combined with volume or volatility filters.
Equities : Balance responsiveness and smoothness to identify sustained sector momentum or rotational shifts; ideal for capturing clean directional transitions.
Cryptocurrency : Increase smoothing parameters slightly to stabilize RSI during extreme volatility; optional volume confirmation can help filter false signals.
Futures/Indices : Lower smoothing sensitivity emphasizes macro momentum and structural trend durability over short-term fluctuations.
Timeframe Optimization:
Scalping (1-5m) : Use higher sensitivity (lower smoothing factors) to react quickly to micro-momentum reversals.
Intraday (15m-1h) : Balance smoothing and responsiveness for detecting short-term acceleration and exhaustion zones.
Swing (4h-Daily) : Apply moderate smoothing to reveal underlying directional persistence and cyclical reversals.
Position (Daily-Weekly) : Use stronger smoothing to isolate dominant momentum trends and filter temporary pullbacks.
Integration Guidelines
Combine with trend filters (EMAs, SuperSmoother MA, ATR-based tools) for confirmation.
Use volume and signal strength markers to filter low-conviction trades.
Slope, color, and signal alignment can guide entry, stop placement, and scaling.
Disclaimer
The Enhanced Holt-Winters RSI is a technical analysis tool, not a guaranteed profit system. Effectiveness depends on proper settings, market structure, and disciplined risk management. Always backtest before live trading.
Keltner Channel Enhanced [DCAUT]█ Keltner Channel Enhanced
📊 ORIGINALITY & INNOVATION
The Keltner Channel Enhanced represents an important advancement over standard Keltner Channel implementations by introducing dual flexibility in moving average selection for both the middle band and ATR calculation. While traditional Keltner Channels typically use EMA for the middle band and RMA (Wilder's smoothing) for ATR, this enhanced version provides access to 25+ moving average algorithms for both components, enabling traders to fine-tune the indicator's behavior to match specific market characteristics and trading approaches.
Key Advancements:
Dual MA Algorithm Flexibility: Independent selection of moving average types for middle band (25+ options) and ATR smoothing (25+ options), allowing optimization of both trend identification and volatility measurement separately
Enhanced Trend Sensitivity: Ability to use faster algorithms (HMA, T3) for middle band while maintaining stable volatility measurement with traditional ATR smoothing, or vice versa for different trading strategies
Adaptive Volatility Measurement: Choice of ATR smoothing algorithm affects channel responsiveness to volatility changes, from highly reactive (SMA, EMA) to smoothly adaptive (RMA, TEMA)
Comprehensive Alert System: Five distinct alert conditions covering breakouts, trend changes, and volatility expansion, enabling automated monitoring without constant chart observation
Multi-Timeframe Compatibility: Works effectively across all timeframes from intraday scalping to long-term position trading, with independent optimization of trend and volatility components
This implementation addresses key limitations of standard Keltner Channels: fixed EMA/RMA combination may not suit all market conditions or trading styles. By decoupling the trend component from volatility measurement and allowing independent algorithm selection, traders can create highly customized configurations for specific instruments and market phases.
📐 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATION
Keltner Channel Enhanced uses a three-component calculation system that combines a flexible moving average middle band with ATR-based (Average True Range) upper and lower channels, creating volatility-adjusted trend-following bands.
Core Calculation Process:
1. Middle Band (Basis) Calculation:
The basis line is calculated using the selected moving average algorithm applied to the price source over the specified period:
basis = ma(source, length, maType)
Supported algorithms include EMA (standard choice, trend-biased), SMA (balanced and symmetric), HMA (reduced lag), WMA, VWMA, TEMA, T3, KAMA, and 17+ others.
2. Average True Range (ATR) Calculation:
ATR measures market volatility by calculating the average of true ranges over the specified period:
trueRange = max(high - low, abs(high - close ), abs(low - close ))
atrValue = ma(trueRange, atrLength, atrMaType)
ATR smoothing algorithm significantly affects channel behavior, with options including RMA (standard, very smooth), SMA (moderate smoothness), EMA (fast adaptation), TEMA (smooth yet responsive), and others.
3. Channel Calculation:
Upper and lower channels are positioned at specified multiples of ATR from the basis:
upperChannel = basis + (multiplier × atrValue)
lowerChannel = basis - (multiplier × atrValue)
Standard multiplier is 2.0, providing channels that dynamically adjust width based on market volatility.
Keltner Channel vs. Bollinger Bands - Key Differences:
While both indicators create volatility-based channels, they use fundamentally different volatility measures:
Keltner Channel (ATR-based):
Uses Average True Range to measure actual price movement volatility
Incorporates gaps and limit moves through true range calculation
More stable in trending markets, less prone to extreme compression
Better reflects intraday volatility and trading range
Typically fewer band touches, making touches more significant
More suitable for trend-following strategies
Bollinger Bands (Standard Deviation-based):
Uses statistical standard deviation to measure price dispersion
Based on closing prices only, doesn't account for intraday range
Can compress significantly during consolidation (squeeze patterns)
More touches in ranging markets
Better suited for mean-reversion strategies
Provides statistical probability framework (95% within 2 standard deviations)
Algorithm Combination Effects:
The interaction between middle band MA type and ATR MA type creates different indicator characteristics:
Trend-Focused Configuration (Fast MA + Slow ATR): Middle band uses HMA/EMA/T3, ATR uses RMA/TEMA, quick trend changes with stable channel width, suitable for trend-following
Volatility-Focused Configuration (Slow MA + Fast ATR): Middle band uses SMA/WMA, ATR uses EMA/SMA, stable trend with dynamic channel width, suitable for volatility trading
Balanced Configuration (Standard EMA/RMA): Classic Keltner Channel behavior, time-tested combination, suitable for general-purpose trend following
Adaptive Configuration (KAMA + KAMA): Self-adjusting indicator responding to efficiency ratio, suitable for markets with varying trend strength and volatility regimes
📊 COMPREHENSIVE SIGNAL ANALYSIS
Keltner Channel Enhanced provides multiple signal categories optimized for trend-following and breakout strategies.
Channel Position Signals:
Upper Channel Interaction:
Price Touching Upper Channel: Strong bullish momentum, price moving more than typical volatility range suggests, potential continuation signal in established uptrends
Price Breaking Above Upper Channel: Exceptional strength, price exceeding normal volatility expectations, consider adding to long positions or tightening trailing stops
Price Riding Upper Channel: Sustained strong uptrend, characteristic of powerful bull moves, stay with trend and avoid premature profit-taking
Price Rejection at Upper Channel: Momentum exhaustion signal, consider profit-taking on longs or waiting for pullback to middle band for reentry
Lower Channel Interaction:
Price Touching Lower Channel: Strong bearish momentum, price moving more than typical volatility range suggests, potential continuation signal in established downtrends
Price Breaking Below Lower Channel: Exceptional weakness, price exceeding normal volatility expectations, consider adding to short positions or protecting against further downside
Price Riding Lower Channel: Sustained strong downtrend, characteristic of powerful bear moves, stay with trend and avoid premature covering
Price Rejection at Lower Channel: Momentum exhaustion signal, consider covering shorts or waiting for bounce to middle band for reentry
Middle Band (Basis) Signals:
Trend Direction Confirmation:
Price Above Basis: Bullish trend bias, middle band acts as dynamic support in uptrends, consider long positions or holding existing longs
Price Below Basis: Bearish trend bias, middle band acts as dynamic resistance in downtrends, consider short positions or avoiding longs
Price Crossing Above Basis: Potential trend change from bearish to bullish, early signal to establish long positions
Price Crossing Below Basis: Potential trend change from bullish to bearish, early signal to establish short positions or exit longs
Pullback Trading Strategy:
Uptrend Pullback: Price pulls back from upper channel to middle band, finds support, and resumes upward, ideal long entry point
Downtrend Bounce: Price bounces from lower channel to middle band, meets resistance, and resumes downward, ideal short entry point
Basis Test: Strong trends often show price respecting the middle band as support/resistance on pullbacks
Failed Test: Price breaking through middle band against trend direction signals potential reversal
Volatility-Based Signals:
Narrow Channels (Low Volatility):
Consolidation Phase: Channels contract during periods of reduced volatility and directionless price action
Breakout Preparation: Narrow channels often precede significant directional moves as volatility cycles
Trading Approach: Reduce position sizes, wait for breakout confirmation, avoid range-bound strategies within channels
Breakout Direction: Monitor for price breaking decisively outside channel range with expanding width
Wide Channels (High Volatility):
Trending Phase: Channels expand during strong directional moves and increased volatility
Momentum Confirmation: Wide channels confirm genuine trend with substantial volatility backing
Trading Approach: Trend-following strategies excel, wider stops necessary, mean-reversion strategies risky
Exhaustion Signs: Extreme channel width (historical highs) may signal approaching consolidation or reversal
Advanced Pattern Recognition:
Channel Walking Pattern:
Upper Channel Walk: Price consistently touches or exceeds upper channel while staying above basis, very strong uptrend signal, hold longs aggressively
Lower Channel Walk: Price consistently touches or exceeds lower channel while staying below basis, very strong downtrend signal, hold shorts aggressively
Basis Support/Resistance: During channel walks, price typically uses middle band as support/resistance on minor pullbacks
Pattern Break: Price crossing basis during channel walk signals potential trend exhaustion
Squeeze and Release Pattern:
Squeeze Phase: Channels narrow significantly, price consolidates near middle band, volatility contracts
Direction Clues: Watch for price positioning relative to basis during squeeze (above = bullish bias, below = bearish bias)
Release Trigger: Price breaking outside narrow channel range with expanding width confirms breakout
Follow-Through: Measure squeeze height and project from breakout point for initial profit targets
Channel Expansion Pattern:
Breakout Confirmation: Rapid channel widening confirms volatility increase and genuine trend establishment
Entry Timing: Enter positions early in expansion phase before trend becomes overextended
Risk Management: Use channel width to size stops appropriately, wider channels require wider stops
Basis Bounce Pattern:
Clean Bounce: Price touches middle band and immediately reverses, confirms trend strength and entry opportunity
Multiple Bounces: Repeated basis bounces indicate strong, sustainable trend
Bounce Failure: Price penetrating basis signals weakening trend and potential reversal
Divergence Analysis:
Price/Channel Divergence: Price makes new high/low while staying within channel (not reaching outer band), suggests momentum weakening
Width/Price Divergence: Price breaks to new extremes but channel width contracts, suggests move lacks conviction
Reversal Signal: Divergences often precede trend reversals or significant consolidation periods
Multi-Timeframe Analysis:
Keltner Channels work particularly well in multi-timeframe trend-following approaches:
Three-Timeframe Alignment:
Higher Timeframe (Weekly/Daily): Identify major trend direction, note price position relative to basis and channels
Intermediate Timeframe (Daily/4H): Identify pullback opportunities within higher timeframe trend
Lower Timeframe (4H/1H): Time precise entries when price touches middle band or lower channel (in uptrends) with rejection
Optimal Entry Conditions:
Best Long Entries: Higher timeframe in uptrend (price above basis), intermediate timeframe pulls back to basis, lower timeframe shows rejection at middle band or lower channel
Best Short Entries: Higher timeframe in downtrend (price below basis), intermediate timeframe bounces to basis, lower timeframe shows rejection at middle band or upper channel
Risk Management: Use higher timeframe channel width to set position sizing, stops below/above higher timeframe channels
🎯 STRATEGIC APPLICATIONS
Keltner Channel Enhanced excels in trend-following and breakout strategies across different market conditions.
Trend Following Strategy:
Setup Requirements:
Identify established trend with price consistently on one side of basis line
Wait for pullback to middle band (basis) or brief penetration through it
Confirm trend resumption with price rejection at basis and move back toward outer channel
Enter in trend direction with stop beyond basis line
Entry Rules:
Uptrend Entry:
Price pulls back from upper channel to middle band, shows support at basis (bullish candlestick, momentum divergence)
Enter long on rejection/bounce from basis with stop 1-2 ATR below basis
Aggressive: Enter on first touch; Conservative: Wait for confirmation candle
Downtrend Entry:
Price bounces from lower channel to middle band, shows resistance at basis (bearish candlestick, momentum divergence)
Enter short on rejection/reversal from basis with stop 1-2 ATR above basis
Aggressive: Enter on first touch; Conservative: Wait for confirmation candle
Trend Management:
Trailing Stop: Use basis line as dynamic trailing stop, exit if price closes beyond basis against position
Profit Taking: Take partial profits at opposite channel, move stops to basis
Position Additions: Add to winners on subsequent basis bounces if trend intact
Breakout Strategy:
Setup Requirements:
Identify consolidation period with contracting channel width
Monitor price action near middle band with reduced volatility
Wait for decisive breakout beyond channel range with expanding width
Enter in breakout direction after confirmation
Breakout Confirmation:
Price breaks clearly outside channel (upper for longs, lower for shorts), channel width begins expanding from contracted state
Volume increases significantly on breakout (if using volume analysis)
Price sustains outside channel for multiple bars without immediate reversal
Entry Approaches:
Aggressive: Enter on initial break with stop at opposite channel or basis, use smaller position size
Conservative: Wait for pullback to broken channel level, enter on rejection and resumption, tighter stop
Volatility-Based Position Sizing:
Adjust position sizing based on channel width (ATR-based volatility):
Wide Channels (High ATR): Reduce position size as stops must be wider, calculate position size using ATR-based risk calculation: Risk / (Stop Distance in ATR × ATR Value)
Narrow Channels (Low ATR): Increase position size as stops can be tighter, be cautious of impending volatility expansion
ATR-Based Risk Management: Use ATR-based risk calculations, position size = 0.01 × Capital / (2 × ATR), use multiples of ATR (1-2 ATR) for adaptive stops
Algorithm Selection Guidelines:
Different market conditions benefit from different algorithm combinations:
Strong Trending Markets: Middle band use EMA or HMA, ATR use RMA, capture trends quickly while maintaining stable channel width
Choppy/Ranging Markets: Middle band use SMA or WMA, ATR use SMA or WMA, avoid false trend signals while identifying genuine reversals
Volatile Markets: Middle band and ATR both use KAMA or FRAMA, self-adjusting to changing market conditions reduces manual optimization
Breakout Trading: Middle band use SMA, ATR use EMA or SMA, stable trend with dynamic channels highlights volatility expansion early
Scalping/Day Trading: Middle band use HMA or T3, ATR use EMA or TEMA, both components respond quickly
Position Trading: Middle band use EMA/TEMA/T3, ATR use RMA or TEMA, filter out noise for long-term trend-following
📋 DETAILED PARAMETER CONFIGURATION
Understanding and optimizing parameters is essential for adapting Keltner Channel Enhanced to specific trading approaches.
Source Parameter:
Close (Most Common): Uses closing price, reflects daily settlement, best for end-of-day analysis and position trading, standard choice
HL2 (Median Price): Smooths out closing bias, better represents full daily range in volatile markets, good for swing trading
HLC3 (Typical Price): Gives more weight to close while including full range, popular for intraday applications, slightly more responsive than HL2
OHLC4 (Average Price): Most comprehensive price representation, smoothest option, good for gap-prone markets or highly volatile instruments
Length Parameter:
Controls the lookback period for middle band (basis) calculation:
Short Periods (10-15): Very responsive to price changes, suitable for day trading and scalping, higher false signal rate
Standard Period (20 - Default): Represents approximately one month of trading, good balance between responsiveness and stability, suitable for swing and position trading
Medium Periods (30-50): Smoother trend identification, fewer false signals, better for position trading and longer holding periods
Long Periods (50+): Very smooth, identifies major trends only, minimal false signals but significant lag, suitable for long-term investment
Optimization by Timeframe: 1-15 minute charts use 10-20 period, 30-60 minute charts use 20-30 period, 4-hour to daily charts use 20-40 period, weekly charts use 20-30 weeks.
ATR Length Parameter:
Controls the lookback period for Average True Range calculation, affecting channel width:
Short ATR Periods (5-10): Very responsive to recent volatility changes, standard is 10 (Keltner's original specification), may be too reactive in whipsaw conditions
Standard ATR Period (10 - Default): Chester Keltner's original specification, good balance between responsiveness and stability, most widely used
Medium ATR Periods (14-20): Smoother channel width, ATR 14 aligns with Wilder's original ATR specification, good for position trading
Long ATR Periods (20+): Very smooth channel width, suitable for long-term trend-following
Length vs. ATR Length Relationship: Equal values (20/20) provide balanced responsiveness, longer ATR (20/14) gives more stable channel width, shorter ATR (20/10) is standard configuration, much shorter ATR (20/5) creates very dynamic channels.
Multiplier Parameter:
Controls channel width by setting ATR multiples:
Lower Values (1.0-1.5): Tighter channels with frequent price touches, more trading signals, higher false signal rate, better for range-bound and mean-reversion strategies
Standard Value (2.0 - Default): Chester Keltner's recommended setting, good balance between signal frequency and reliability, suitable for both trending and ranging strategies
Higher Values (2.5-3.0): Wider channels with less frequent touches, fewer but potentially higher-quality signals, better for strong trending markets
Market-Specific Optimization: High volatility markets (crypto, small-caps) use 2.5-3.0 multiplier, medium volatility markets (major forex, large-caps) use 2.0 multiplier, low volatility markets (bonds, utilities) use 1.5-2.0 multiplier.
MA Type Parameter (Middle Band):
Critical selection that determines trend identification characteristics:
EMA (Exponential Moving Average - Default): Standard Keltner Channel choice, Chester Keltner's original specification, emphasizes recent prices, faster response to trend changes, suitable for all timeframes
SMA (Simple Moving Average): Equal weighting of all data points, no directional bias, slower than EMA, better for ranging markets and mean-reversion
HMA (Hull Moving Average): Minimal lag with smooth output, excellent for fast trend identification, best for day trading and scalping
TEMA (Triple Exponential Moving Average): Advanced smoothing with reduced lag, responsive to trends while filtering noise, suitable for volatile markets
T3 (Tillson T3): Very smooth with minimal lag, excellent for established trend identification, suitable for position trading
KAMA (Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average): Automatically adjusts speed based on market efficiency, slow in ranging markets, fast in trends, suitable for markets with varying conditions
ATR MA Type Parameter:
Determines how Average True Range is smoothed, affecting channel width stability:
RMA (Wilder's Smoothing - Default): J. Welles Wilder's original ATR smoothing method, very smooth, slow to adapt to volatility changes, provides stable channel width
SMA (Simple Moving Average): Equal weighting, moderate smoothness, faster response to volatility changes than RMA, more dynamic channel width
EMA (Exponential Moving Average): Emphasizes recent volatility, quick adaptation to new volatility regimes, very responsive channel width changes
TEMA (Triple Exponential Moving Average): Smooth yet responsive, good balance for varying volatility, suitable for most trading styles
Parameter Combination Strategies:
Conservative Trend-Following: Length 30/ATR Length 20/Multiplier 2.5, MA Type EMA or TEMA/ATR MA Type RMA, smooth trend with stable wide channels, suitable for position trading
Standard Balanced Approach: Length 20/ATR Length 10/Multiplier 2.0, MA Type EMA/ATR MA Type RMA, classic Keltner Channel configuration, suitable for general purpose swing trading
Aggressive Day Trading: Length 10-15/ATR Length 5-7/Multiplier 1.5-2.0, MA Type HMA or EMA/ATR MA Type EMA or SMA, fast trend with dynamic channels, suitable for scalping and day trading
Breakout Specialist: Length 20-30/ATR Length 5-10/Multiplier 2.0, MA Type SMA or WMA/ATR MA Type EMA or SMA, stable trend with responsive channel width
Adaptive All-Conditions: Length 20/ATR Length 10/Multiplier 2.0, MA Type KAMA or FRAMA/ATR MA Type KAMA or TEMA, self-adjusting to market conditions
Offset Parameter:
Controls horizontal positioning of channels on chart. Positive values shift channels to the right (future) for visual projection, negative values shift left (past) for historical analysis, zero (default) aligns with current price bars for real-time signal analysis. Offset affects only visual display, not alert conditions or actual calculations.
📈 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS & COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Keltner Channel Enhanced provides improvements over standard implementations while maintaining proven effectiveness.
Response Characteristics:
Standard EMA/RMA Configuration: Moderate trend lag (approximately 0.4 × length periods), smooth and stable channel width from RMA smoothing, good balance for most market conditions
Fast HMA/EMA Configuration: Approximately 60% reduction in trend lag compared to EMA, responsive channel width from EMA ATR smoothing, suitable for quick trend changes and breakouts
Adaptive KAMA/KAMA Configuration: Variable lag based on market efficiency, automatic adjustment to trending vs. ranging conditions, self-optimizing behavior reduces manual intervention
Comparison with Traditional Keltner Channels:
Enhanced Version Advantages:
Dual Algorithm Flexibility: Independent MA selection for trend and volatility vs. fixed EMA/RMA, separate tuning of trend responsiveness and channel stability
Market Adaptation: Choose configurations optimized for specific instruments and conditions, customize for scalping, swing, or position trading preferences
Comprehensive Alerts: Enhanced alert system including channel expansion detection
Traditional Version Advantages:
Simplicity: Fewer parameters, easier to understand and implement
Standardization: Fixed EMA/RMA combination ensures consistency across users
Research Base: Decades of backtesting and research on standard configuration
When to Use Enhanced Version: Trading multiple instruments with different characteristics, switching between trending and ranging markets, employing different strategies, algorithm-based trading systems requiring customization, seeking optimization for specific trading style and timeframe.
When to Use Standard Version: Beginning traders learning Keltner Channel concepts, following published research or trading systems, preferring simplicity and standardization, wanting to avoid optimization and curve-fitting risks.
Performance Across Market Conditions:
Strong Trending Markets: EMA or HMA basis with RMA or TEMA ATR smoothing provides quicker trend identification, pullbacks to basis offer excellent entry opportunities
Choppy/Ranging Markets: SMA or WMA basis with RMA ATR smoothing and lower multipliers, channel bounce strategies work well, avoid false breakouts
Volatile Markets: KAMA or FRAMA with EMA or TEMA, adaptive algorithms excel by automatic adjustment, wider multipliers (2.5-3.0) accommodate large price swings
Low Volatility/Consolidation: Channels narrow significantly indicating consolidation, algorithm choice less impactful, focus on detecting channel width contraction for breakout preparation
Keltner Channel vs. Bollinger Bands - Usage Comparison:
Favor Keltner Channels When: Trend-following is primary strategy, trading volatile instruments with gaps, want ATR-based volatility measurement, prefer fewer higher-quality channel touches, seeking stable channel width during trends.
Favor Bollinger Bands When: Mean-reversion is primary strategy, trading instruments with limited gaps, want statistical framework based on standard deviation, need squeeze patterns for breakout identification, prefer more frequent trading opportunities.
Use Both Together: Bollinger Band squeeze + Keltner Channel breakout is powerful combination, price outside Bollinger Bands but inside Keltner Channels indicates moderate signal, price outside both indicates very strong signal, Bollinger Bands for entries and Keltner Channels for trend confirmation.
Limitations and Considerations:
General Limitations:
Lagging Indicator: All moving averages lag price, even with reduced-lag algorithms
Trend-Dependent: Works best in trending markets, less effective in choppy conditions
No Direction Prediction: Indicates volatility and deviation, not future direction, requires confirmation
Enhanced Version Specific Considerations:
Optimization Risk: More parameters increase risk of curve-fitting historical data
Complexity: Additional choices may overwhelm beginning traders
Backtesting Challenges: Different algorithms produce different historical results
Mitigation Strategies:
Use Confirmation: Combine with momentum indicators (RSI, MACD), volume, or price action
Test Parameter Robustness: Ensure parameters work across range of values, not just optimized ones
Multi-Timeframe Analysis: Confirm signals across different timeframes
Proper Risk Management: Use appropriate position sizing and stops
Start Simple: Begin with standard EMA/RMA before exploring alternatives
Optimal Usage Recommendations:
For Maximum Effectiveness:
Start with standard EMA/RMA configuration to understand classic behavior
Experiment with alternatives on demo account or paper trading
Match algorithm combination to market condition and trading style
Use channel width analysis to identify market phases
Combine with complementary indicators for confirmation
Implement strict risk management using ATR-based position sizing
Focus on high-quality setups rather than trading every signal
Respect the trend: trade with basis direction for higher probability
Complementary Indicators:
RSI or Stochastic: Confirm momentum at channel extremes
MACD: Confirm trend direction and momentum shifts
Volume: Validate breakouts and trend strength
ADX: Measure trend strength, avoid Keltner signals in weak trends
Support/Resistance: Combine with traditional levels for high-probability setups
Bollinger Bands: Use together for enhanced breakout and volatility analysis
USAGE NOTES
This indicator is designed for technical analysis and educational purposes. Keltner Channel Enhanced has limitations and should not be used as the sole basis for trading decisions. While the flexible moving average selection for both trend and volatility components provides valuable adaptability across different market conditions, algorithm performance varies with market conditions, and past characteristics do not guarantee future results.
Key considerations:
Always use multiple forms of analysis and confirmation before entering trades
Backtest any parameter combination thoroughly before live trading
Be aware that optimization can lead to curve-fitting if not done carefully
Start with standard EMA/RMA settings and adjust only when specific conditions warrant
Understand that no moving average algorithm can eliminate lag entirely
Consider market regime (trending, ranging, volatile) when selecting parameters
Use ATR-based position sizing and risk management on every trade
Keltner Channels work best in trending markets, less effective in choppy conditions
Respect the trend direction indicated by price position relative to basis line
The enhanced flexibility of dual algorithm selection provides powerful tools for adaptation but requires responsible use, thorough understanding of how different algorithms behave under various market conditions, and disciplined risk management.
