Why is it ok to backtest on TradingView from now on!TradingView backtester has bad reputation. For a good reason - it was producing wrong results, and it was clear at first sight how bad they were.
But this has changed. Along with many other improvements in its PineScript coding capabilities, TradingView fixed important bug, which was the main reason for miscalculations. TradingView didn't really speak out about this fix, so let me try :)
Have a look at this short code of a swing trading strategy (PLEASE DON'T FOCUS ON BACKTEST RESULTS ATTACHED HERE - THEY DO NOT MATTER). Sometimes entry condition happens together with closing condition for the already ongoing trade. Example: the condition to close Long entry is the same as a condition to enter Short. And when these two aligned, not only a Long was closed and Short was entered (as intended), but also a second Short was entered, too!!! What's even worse, that second short was not controlled with closing conditions inside strategy.exit() function and it very often lead to losses exceeding whatever was declared in "loss=" parameter. This could not have worked well...
But HOORAY!!! - it has been fixed and won't happen anymore. So together with other improvements - TradingView's backtester and PineScript is now ok to work with on standard candlesticks :)
Yep, no need to code strategies and backtest them on other platforms anymore.
----------------
Having said the above, there are still some pitfalls remaining, which you need to be aware of and avoid:
Don't backtest on HeikenAshi, Renko, Kagi candlesticks. They were not invented with backtesting in mind. There are still using wrong price levels for entries and therefore producing always too good backtesting results. Only standard candlesticks are reliable to backtest on.
Don't use Trailing Stop in your code. TradingView operates only on closed candlesticks, not on tick data and because of that, backtester will always assume price has first reached its favourable extreme (so 'high' when you are in Long trade and 'low' when you are in Short trade) before it starts to pull back. Which is rarely the truth in reality. Therefore strategies using Trailing Stop are also producing too good backtesting results. It is especially well visible on higher timeframe strategies - for some reason your strategy manages to make gains on those huge, fat candlesticks :) But that's not reality.
"when=" inside strategy.exit() does not work as you would intuitively expect. If you want to have logical condition to close your trade (for example - crossover(rsi(close,14),20)) you need to place it inside strategy.close() function. And leave StopLoss + TakeProfit conditions inside strategy.exit() function. Just as in attached code.
If you're working with pyramiding, add "process_orders_on_close=ANY" to your strategy() script header. Default setting ("=FIFO") will first close the trade, which was opened first, not the one which was hit by Stop-Loss condidtion.
----------------
That's it, I guess :) If you are noticing other issues with backtester and would like to share, let everyone know in comments. If the issue is indeed a bug, there is a chance TradingView dev team will hear your voice and take it into account when working on other improvements. Just like they heard about the bug I described above.
P.S. I know for a fact that more improvements in the backtesting area are coming. Some will change the game even for non-coding traders. If you want to be notified quickly and with my comment - gimme "follow".
Cerca negli script per "TAKE"
High Low Cloud Strategy BacktestingHigh Low Cloud Strategy Backtesting: this is a breakout and reversal previous trend strategy
A. Indicator: row 6 to row 17
1. Fast Cloud
Upper line = ema of High with 60 periods
Lower line = ema of Low with 60 periods
1. Slow Cloud
Upper line = ema of High with 240 periods
Lower line = ema of Low with 240 periods
B. Strategy Backtesting
1. Chart IDC, Time frame: M30
2. Long condition: row 20 to row 34
a. Entry =
* Upper line of Fast Cloud below Lower line of Slow Cloud
* Price crossover Upper line of Slow Cloud
b. Stoploss =
* Price crossunder bottom of 240 periods (~ bottom of 5 days)
c. Takeprofit =
* Lower line of Fast Cloud above Upper line of Slow Cloud
* Price crossunder Lower line of Fast Cloud
3. Short condition: row 37 to row 49
a. Entry =
* Lower line of Fast Cloud above Upper line of Slow Cloud
* Price crossunder Lower line of Slow Cloud
b. Stoploss =
* Price crossover peak of 240 periods (~ bottom of 5 days)
c. Takeprofit =
* Upper line of Fast Cloud below Lower line of Slow Cloud
* Price crossover Upper line of Fast Cloud
EMA Candle Close StrategyThis is a simple script which overlays the 200, 55, 21, 13 and 8 EMA's and suggest a buy and sell based on if the 8,13 and 21 EMA's have crossed the 55 EMA and the close is also above the 55 EMA for the candle. This is a popular strategy used and is best used on the Daily or the Hourly chart. In particular I have had success with the 'Daily' chart.
More features will be added soon with variations that can be turned off or on in the options.
By default the strategy assumes you are starting with $1000 and a commission rate of 0.26% which is the typical taker fee for crypto exchanges, but you can change this in the settings.
Noro's CrossLimitStrategy for altcoin/bitcoin currency pairs. Do not use for pairs of type coin/USD with this strategy. You need the taker fee to be zero, or ribate. Because this strategy has very frequent trades.
A simple moving average (SMA) is used to determine the trend.
If not enable Anti-Saw filter
- If candle closing price is higher than SMA - uptrend started
- If candle closing price is lower than SMA - downtrend started
If enable Anti-Saw Filter
- If low candles are higher than SMA - uptrend started
- If high candles are lower than SMA - downtrend started
Only limit orders are created at SMA price and towards the trend.
TradingView Alerts to MT4 MT5 + dynamic variables NON-REPAINTINGAccidentally, I’m sharing open-source profitable Forex strategy. Accidentally, because this was aimed to be purely educational material. A few days ago TradingView released a very powerful feature of dynamic values from PineScript now being allowed to be passed in Alerts. And thanks to TradingConnector, they could be instantly executed in MT4 or MT5 platform of any broker in the world. So yeah - TradingConnector works with indices and commodities, too.
The logic of this EURUSD 6h strategy is very simple - it is based on Stochastic crossovers with stop-loss set under most recent pivot point. Setting stop-loss with surgical precision is possible exactly thanks to allowance of dynamic values in alerts. TradingConnector has been also upgraded to take advantage of these dynamic values and it now enables executing trades with pre-calculated stop-loss, take-profit, as well as stop and limit orders.
Another fresh feature of TradingConnector, is closing positions only partly - provided that the broker allows it, of course. A position needs to have trade_id specified at entry, referred to in further alerts with partial closing. Detailed spec of alerts syntax and functionalities can be found at TradingConnector website. How to include dynamic variables in alert messages can be seen at the very end of the script in alertcondition() calls.
The strategy also takes commission into consideration.
Slippage is intentionally left at 0. Due to shorter than 1 second delivery time of TradingConnector, slippage is practically non-existing. This can be achieved especially if you’re using VPS server, hosted in the same datacenter as your brokers’ servers. I am using such setup, it is doable. Small slippage and spread is already included in commission value.
This strategy is NON-REPAINTING and uses NO TRAILING-STOP or any other feature known to be faulty in TradingView backtester. Does it make this strategy bulletproof and 100% success-guaranteed? Hell no! Remember the no.1 rule of backtesting - no matter how profitable and good looking a script is, it only tells about the past. There is zero guarantee the same strategy will get similar results in the future.
To turn this script into study so that alerts can be produced, do 2 things:
1. comment “strategy” line at the beginning and uncomment “study” line
2. comment lines 54-59 and uncomment lines 62-65.
Then add script to the chart and configure alerts.
This script was build for educational purposes only.
Certainly this is not financial advice. Anybody using this script or any of its parts in any way, must be aware of high risks connected with trading.
Thanks @LucF and @a.tesla2018 for helping me with code fixes :)
CCI Stochastic and a quick lesson on Scalping & Trading SystemsHello traders
Still on holidays but I don't and will never forget you <3
I realize more and more that you guys don't only want some indicators and learn about pinescript. You also want some guidance and get some mentors providing you with comprehensive and simple trading methods and tricks.
I'm against those posting many scripts a day that in the end will make you lose your money because they don't give you the methodology to use them
It might look nice on the charts but we're not here to do some painting.... but to improve our lifestyle right :)
The today indicator is based on an indicator that I used for scalping : Fxcodebase CCI Stochastic
A CCI stochastic is very reactive and allows us to take many scalps trades per day with a few pips/USD gain for each trade. I don't recommend novice traders to use it and I strongly recommend everyone reading my disclaimer below basically saying "I'm not a financial advisor, don't be dumb, stay safe"
(I also recommend the few scripts copy-pasters to read my disclaimer as well)
What's a novice trader, sir? Well... thanks for asking. A novice trader is any trader with less than 5 years of live trading experience
From a pinescript perspective, this script will be however interesting for everyone :)
How to use it?
The indicator gives 3 possible entries for Longs and Shorts:
- Arrows at Enter - Will give signals whenever the Stoch CCI will enter in the BUY/SELL zone
- Arrows at Exit - Will give signals whenever the Stoch CCI will exit the BUY/SELL zone
- Arrows at Center - Signals whenever the Stoch CCI will cross the mid-line (50)
All arrows have different colors because ... painting is cool and nice.... kidding.... it gives clearer and more readable signals on the chart (but painting sir...)
A possible trading method could be to use the 3 modes at the same time to get the maximum of opportunities.
The safer bet is to use the "Arrows at Exit" only mode but for those who want to accumulate more scalping positions, adding the "Arrows at Enter" mode is an option as well. In other words, you accumulate a few scalping positions whenever the Stoch CCI get in the BUY/SELL zone and will stop accumulating whenever it will exit the BUY/SELL zone
You can add a few extra positions whenever the Stoch CCI will cross the mid-line as it often translates in a trend continuation
Life hack
Very important note : (probably the most important gem I shared until now) The inputs set by default will have to be changed for your asset/timeframe and can't be generic for everything. You have to play with the inputs until the signals will make sense to you
The indicator/strategy with a unique configuration that you'll never check or update according to the market condition DOES NOT exit.
If you find such a tool and prove me that you're making constant gains with it over a year, please patent it and then show it to me as I'd like to study it to replicate :) But most likely this is a myth/unicorn
Who I am to say this? Well, I worked in a Bank with real traders and I have a good sense of what works and what will certainly not work
My guru said scalping crypto in 1 second timeframe was the way to get rich quick. Do you agree sir?
But in trading, this is not because you take the maximum of trades possible that your gains will increase. This is the contrary.
There is a strong and proven inverse correlation between the number of trades taken and how fast you'll burn your capital. A swing trader taking 2/3 trades a month is more likely to beat 99% of the scalpers out there trying to predict all market movements. (and I'm not even talking about how dangerous it is to scalp with leverage)
You're starting to know me a bit more right now. I prefer to tell you what you need to hear vs what you want to hear because the second option doesn't allow to stay in the game very long.
I might lose some futures clients along the way by saying that but for my own conscience and ethics, I prefer to warn about the true risks of trading and to select who you listen very carefully (the advice also works for me, if you feel what I said doesn't make sense, this is totally your right but I hope this is because I'm french and not because of the content ^^).
See you tomorrow for another indicator or idea
Love you all
Dave
____________________________________________________________
Be sure to hit the thumbs up. Building those indicators take a lot of time and likes are always rewarding for me :) (tips are accepted too)
- If you want to suggest some indicators that I can develop and share with the community, please use my personal TRELLO board
- I'm an officially approved PineEditor/LUA/MT4 approved mentor on codementor. You can request a coaching with me if you want and I'll teach you how to build kick-ass indicators and strategies
Jump on a 1 to 1 coaching with me
- You can also hire for a custom dev of your indicator/strategy/bot/chrome extension/python
Disclaimer:
Trading involves a high level of financial risk, and may not be appropriate because you may experience losses greater than your deposit. Leverage can be against you.
Do not trade with capital that you can not afford to lose. You must be aware and have a complete understanding of all the risks associated with the market and trading. We can not be held responsible for any loss you incur.
Trading also involves risks of gambling addiction.
Please notice I do not provide financial advice - my indicators, strategies, educational ideas are intended to provide only some source code for anyone interested in improving their trading
The proprietary indicators and strategies developed by Best Trading Indicator, the object of intellectual property rights are and remain the exclusive property of Best Trading Indicator, at the exclusion of images and videos and texts free of rights or provided by the Company or external legal or physical person.
No assignment of intellectual property rights is carried out through these Terms and Conditions.
Any total or partial reproduction, modification or use of these properties for any reason whatsoever is strictly prohibited without the express written authorization of the Company.
Simplest volatility bandsVolatility bands based on average candle percentage spread. Tested on BTCUSD charts only.
Based on the 68-95-99.7 rule, it seems that the spread, for daily and 4-H candles, follows a normal distribution: that means, around 85% of candles have a %-spread within sma(low/high, some_len) and sma(high/low, some_len) , and around 95% of candles within the pow2 of that range.
If you take the mean between the boundaries of the first %-spreads band, and calculate the 1.5 standard deviation of past some_len candles (I'm speaking from memory, it has been a while since I did them), the 1.5 standard deviation bands match similarly the %-spread bands, and around 85% of the candles are within these %-spread bands.
If you then take the pow2 of the bands, it will be similar to the 2 * std of the original bands, with around 95% of data within the pow2 bands.
You can take ema or other similar means with similar results, and the same for different lengths, but it seems that sma with a len of 14 is the more stable ones for both daily and 4-H, and taken other average calculations doesn't cause too many differences respect to the sma. I haven't tested too much for lower or higher timeframes.
With those %-spread bands, I multiple and divide those spreads to the open value of a new candle to get the two bands.
So, in short, you know that 85% of candles are within the closer bands, and around 95% of candles, around the bigger one. Once a new candle is born, the bands won't move (the bands are calculated from the previous candle, so the current candle's price movement doesn't move the band).
Going out the bands implies a sudden increase in volality, which usually causes rejection. They happen mostly at breakouts and ends of heavy trends. If a candle closes above the bigger band, you have probably got a breakout (a rejection rarely happens if the candle have already closed), although a breakout can happen without closing above the bands if volatility was already high.
If a trend is already stablished and is healthy, you won't probably see candles going out the bands, not even with a wick. When the trend is parabolic, and goes above the candle, the trend has probably ended, although the trend can be exhausted without going out the bands as well.
Heavy but not yet exhausted trends (specially recently started heavy downtrends), usually reach the bottom of the bigger bands during 4 o 5 contiguous candles (check visually looking at bitcoin history though, I'm speaking from memory).
So, the possibilities are multiple and you cannot use the bands to form a strategy, as usual. It can be comfortable enough psycologically for going to sleep, by moving your stop-loss to a point out of the bands in the opposite direction of your trade, and adjusting your position size accordingly; or just to check momentum looking at how close are the candle limits to the bands.
But, as usual, you are responsible of what you do with your money :)
Silent TraderSilent Trader strategy by Covax v.1
Strategy based on crossing of two moving averages.
Includes all necessary options for risk management.
Applicable only for 1H timeframe and for any pairs.
Huge net profit to drawdown ratio. No repaint 100%.
Current backtest results include taker fees on BitMEX.
Edge of MomentumThe script was designed for the purpose of catching the rocket portion of a move (the edge of momentum).
Long
--When RSI closes over 60, take long order 1 tick above that bar. The closed bar above RSI 60 will be colored "green" or whatever color the user chooses. (RSI > 60)
--On a long position, exit will be a closed bar below the ema (low, 10) . The closed bar below the ema will be colored "yellow." (Price < ema)
--Note: On a long position there is no need to exit when a closed bar is colored "purple." RSI is just below 60 but above 40. Pullback or chop
Short
--When RSI closes below 40, take a short order 1 tick below that bar. The closed bar below RSI 40 will be colored "red." RSI<40)
--On a short position, exit will be a closed bar above the ema (low, 10). The closed bar above the ema will be colored "purple." (Price > ema)
--Note: On a short position there is no need to exit when a closed bar is colored "yellow."
Note: You may see a series of purple and yellow bars, that is simply chop. I define chop as RSI moving between 60 and 40.
Trade should only be taken above green colored candle(long) and below red colored candle (short). No position should be taken off yellow or purple candle (chop)
Again this is designed to catch the momentum part of a move, and to help reduce some entries during chop. It is a simple systems that beginning traders can use and profit from.
Note: I don't no shit about coding scripts I just learn from reading others.
Enjoy. If you decide to use please drop me a line...suggestions/comments, etc.
Best of luck in all you do.
Entry Stop 1:1This is a tool similar to the Long Position & Short Position tools, however it shows your entry, stop and 1:1 scale-out point with slippage.
By default it uses a 0.2% taker fee and 0.2% slippage estimate on entry & stop.
Quadruple Kaufman Adaptive Moving AverageFour Kaufman Adaptive Moving Averages in one script. Useful for identifying trends and setting points to add to positions / exit trades. KAMA's are great for keeping you in trending markets and avoiding sideways chops and ranges. Try them out by tweaking the fast/slow ma's and lengths to get the right set for your charts that removes the thinking about whether to be long or short and when to add to positions.
A suggested trading strategy is to tweak the ma's (often you'll want larger values) until they span the price action well on past trends. Then each time price action closes and crosses one of your KAMA lines is an opportunity to add to your position. Once all lines are cleared and you've loaded up your position, hopefully your average price of entry falls short of the highest KAMA line's value. Once this happens you don't need to get out the trade until such time as a price close crosses again that largest KAMA line. For eager profit takers, close positions once any KAMA line is crossed once you're successfully loaded up on a direction.
I use this script with a renko chart and values -> 26 length 6 fast ma 100 slow ma, 26 8 100, 26 10 100, 26 12 100 and it's good to see these moving averages, unlike regular moving averages, bend around choppy action that come when trends pause, keeping me successfully in winning trades. Give it a try.
Simple profitable trading strategyThis strategy has three components.
Philakones EMAs are a sequence of five fibonacci EMAs. They range from 55 candles (green) to 8 candles (red) in length. A strong trend or breakout is marked by the emas appearing in sequence of their length from 8 to 55 or vice versa. These EMAs are also used to signal an exit. Only two EMAs are used for exit signals - when the 13 EMA crosses over/under the 55 EMA.
RSI gives a bullish signal when 40 > rsi > 70. Exit signals are oversold (30) or overbought (70)
Stochastics give a bullish signal when stoch < 80 and an exit signal when > 95.
Results include 3 ticks of slippage and taker fees of .002. Provides a pretty smooth equity curve with a 73% win rate and beats buy and hold by than 10x (returns about 60x overall) since start of 2017.
EMA50Diff & MACD StrategyOne of my attempts to create a strategy for BTC.
Its a combination of EMA50Diff (the difference between spot and EMA50) and MACD.
Buy signal if (EMA50Diff) < -(EMADiffThreshold),
(MACD bearish crossunder),
(MACD) < -(MACDThreshold),
(EMA50Diff) > (EMA50Diff 1 candle ago),
(EMA50Diff 1 candle ago) < (EMA50Diff 2 candles ago)
Sell signal if (EMA50Diff) > (EMADiffThreshold),
(MACD bullish crossover),
(MACD) > (MACDThreshold),
(EMA50Diff) < (EMA50Diff 1 candle ago),
(EMA50Diff 1 candle ago) > (EMA50Diff 2 candles ago)
Exit either when target or stoploss get reached.
Initial capital is set to 100k and its currently going all-in on every trade but im looking for a better way to handle position sizes already..
Also i included slippage of 30 ticks and exchange commission of 0.15% (e.g. 2x BitMEX market taker fee)
Works best on 15m on bitfinex, bitstamp and gdax and i'm still trying to optimize it for bitmex too, will update when i got there..
Estimate exchange/broker fee commission from trade volumeThis script is used to estimate how much an exchange/broker makes off a particular pair/symbol. If Coinbase(GDAX) has a 0.25% taker fee and a 0.15% maker fee per trade and you estimate the average commission fee at 0.19% then you simple input that, and how many periods you'd like to know the total fee for (30 periods on the 1 day chart = last 30 days, 28 periods on 4 hour chart = last 7 days, etc).
This is for broad estimates of a single pair and only works well on exchanges that show only the volume on that exchange (stock markets may be less useful for this tool).
THIS TOOL IS TO PROVIDE A BROAD ESTIMATE , NOT AN EXACT FIGURE!
// percentage fee rate is entered as a percent: 3.5=3.5%, not 350%.
// pbtc , the one for calculating the USD value of fees that are in bitcoin, uses the price at time fees were realized. IE chart is on
// 1 day interval and XBARFEE is set at 4, then PBTC gives the USD value as if the exchange sold all btc at the end of each day for
// 4 days. i.e.:
// Day 1: BTCUSD= $5000 fees=1.5, Day 2: BTCUSD = $5000 fees=3.0, Day 3 BTCUSD = $10,000 fees=1.0, Day 4 BTCUSD = $20,000 fees=1.0
// PBTC would NOT show (1.5+ 3 + 1 + 1) = 6.5 * $20k = $130,000. It would do: (1.5*5000)+(3*5000)... = $52,500.
Open Close Cross Strategy R5 revised by JustUncleLThis revision is an open Public release, with just some minor changes. It is a revision of the Strategy "Open Close Cross Strategy R2" originally published by @JayRogers.
*** USE AT YOUR OWN RISK ***
JayRogers : "There are drawing/painting issues in pinescript when working across resolutions/timeframes that I simply cannot fix here.. I will not be putting any further effort into developing this until such a time when workarounds become available."
NOTE: Re-painting has not been observed with the default set up, nor with Alternate resolution multiplier up to 5.
Description:
Strategy based around Open-Close Moving Average Crossovers optionally from a higher time frame.
Setup:
I have generally found that setting the strategy resolution to 3-5x that of the chart you are viewing tends to yield the best results, regardless of which MA option you may choose (if any) BUT can cause a lot of false positives - be aware of this. JustUncleL: using one of the Smoothed MA helps reduce false positives.
Don't aim for perfection. Just aim to get a reasonably snug fit with the O-C band, with good runs of green and red. JustUncleL: using SMMA (8 to 10) gives a good fit.
Option to either use basic open and close series data, or pick your poison with a wide array of MA types.
Optional Stop Loss and Target Profit for damage mitigation if desired (can be toggled on/off)
Positions get taken automatically following a crossover - which is why it's better to set the resolution of the script greater than that of your chart, so that the trades get taken sooner rather than later.
If you make use of the stops/target profit, be sure to take your time tweaking the values. Cutting it too fine will cost you profits but keep you safer, while letting them loose could lead to more draw down than you can handle.
Revsion R5 Changes by JustUncleL
Corrected cross over calculations, sometimes gave false signals.
Corrected Alternate Time calculation to allow for Daily,Weekly and Monthly charts.
Open Public release.
Revision R4 By JustUncleL
Change the way the Alternate resolution in selected, use a Multiplier of the base Time Frame instead, this makes it easy to switch between base time frames.
Added TMA and SSMA moving average options. But DEMA is still giving the best results.
Using "calc_on_every_tick=false" ensures results between back testing and real time are similar.
Added Option to Disable the coloring of the bars.
Updated default settings.
R3 Changes by JustUncleL:
Returned a simplified version of the open/close channel, it shows strength of current trend.
Added Target Profit Option.
Added option to reduce the number of historical bars, overcomes the too many trades limit error.
Simplified the strategy code.
Removed Trailing Stop option, not required and in my option does not work well in Trading View, it also gives false and unrealistic performance results in back testing.
R2 Changes by @JayRogers:
Simplified and cleaned up plotting, now just shows a Moving Average derived from the average of open/close.
Tried very hard to alleviate painting issues caused by referencing alternate resolution.
ECO Strategy Backtest We call this one the ECO for short, but it will be listed on the indicator list
at W. Blau’s Ergodic Candlestick Oscillator. The ECO is a momentum indicator.
It is based on candlestick bars, and takes into account the size and direction
of the candlestick "body". We have found it to be a very good momentum indicator,
and especially smooth, because it is unaffected by gaps in price, unlike many other
momentum indicators.
We like to use this indicator as an additional trend confirmation tool, or as an
alternate trend definition tool, in place of a weekly indicator. The simplest way
of using the indicator is simply to define the trend based on which side of the "0"
line the indicator is located on. If the indicator is above "0", then the trend is up.
If the indicator is below "0" then the trend is down. You can add an additional
qualifier by noting the "slope" of the indicator, and the crossing points of the slow
and fast lines. Some like to use the slope alone to define trend direction. If the
lines are sloping upward, the trend is up. Alternately, if the lines are sloping
downward, the trend is down. In this view, the point where the lines "cross" is the
point where the trend changes.
When the ECO is below the "0" line, the trend is down, and we are qualified only to
sell on new short signals from the Hi-Lo Activator. In other words, when the ECO is
above 0, we are not allowed to take short signals, and when the ECO is below 0, we
are not allowed to take long signals.
You can change long to short in the Input Settings
Please, use it only for learning or paper trading. Do not for real trading.
ECO Strategy We call this one the ECO for short, but it will be listed on the indicator list
at W. Blau’s Ergodic Candlestick Oscillator. The ECO is a momentum indicator.
It is based on candlestick bars, and takes into account the size and direction
of the candlestick "body". We have found it to be a very good momentum indicator,
and especially smooth, because it is unaffected by gaps in price, unlike many other
momentum indicators.
We like to use this indicator as an additional trend confirmation tool, or as an
alternate trend definition tool, in place of a weekly indicator. The simplest way
of using the indicator is simply to define the trend based on which side of the "0"
line the indicator is located on. If the indicator is above "0", then the trend is up.
If the indicator is below "0" then the trend is down. You can add an additional
qualifier by noting the "slope" of the indicator, and the crossing points of the slow
and fast lines. Some like to use the slope alone to define trend direction. If the
lines are sloping upward, the trend is up. Alternately, if the lines are sloping
downward, the trend is down. In this view, the point where the lines "cross" is the
point where the trend changes.
When the ECO is below the "0" line, the trend is down, and we are qualified only to
sell on new short signals from the Hi-Lo Activator. In other words, when the ECO is
above 0, we are not allowed to take short signals, and when the ECO is below 0, we
are not allowed to take long signals.
ECO (Blau`s Ergodic Candlestick Oscillator) We call this one the ECO for short, but it will be listed on the indicator list
at W. Blau’s Ergodic Candlestick Oscillator. The ECO is a momentum indicator.
It is based on candlestick bars, and takes into account the size and direction
of the candlestick "body". We have found it to be a very good momentum indicator,
and especially smooth, because it is unaffected by gaps in price, unlike many other
momentum indicators.
We like to use this indicator as an additional trend confirmation tool, or as an
alternate trend definition tool, in place of a weekly indicator. The simplest way
of using the indicator is simply to define the trend based on which side of the "0"
line the indicator is located on. If the indicator is above "0", then the trend is up.
If the indicator is below "0" then the trend is down. You can add an additional
qualifier by noting the "slope" of the indicator, and the crossing points of the slow
and fast lines. Some like to use the slope alone to define trend direction. If the
lines are sloping upward, the trend is up. Alternately, if the lines are sloping
downward, the trend is down. In this view, the point where the lines "cross" is the
point where the trend changes.
When the ECO is below the "0" line, the trend is down, and we are qualified only to
sell on new short signals from the Hi-Lo Activator. In other words, when the ECO is
above 0, we are not allowed to take short signals, and when the ECO is below 0, we
are not allowed to take long signals.
Multi Timeframe Market Structure ContinuationOverview
This indicator identifies Break of Structure (BOS) and Change of Character (ChoCh) patterns using multi-timeframe (MTF) analysis to filter high-probability trade setups. By aligning lower timeframe signals with higher timeframe bias, it helps traders enter positions in the direction of the dominant trend while avoiding counter-trend traps.
Multi-Timeframe Analysis
The indicator analyzes market structure on two timeframes simultaneously:
Current Timeframe (CTF): Detects immediate BOS and ChoCh signals for entry timing
Higher Timeframe (HTF): Establishes the overall trend direction (default: 1H, customizable)
Signals only appear when the current timeframe structure aligns with the higher timeframe bias, ensuring you're trading with the momentum, not against it.
Break of Structure (BOS)
BOS signals indicate trend continuation - when price breaks a previous high in an uptrend or a previous low in a downtrend. These are reliable entries that confirm the trend is still active and strong.
Change of Character (ChoCh)
ChoCh signals mark early trend reversals - when market structure shifts from bearish to bullish (or vice versa). When captured in alignment with the higher timeframe trend, ChoCh entries can achieve exceptional risk-to-reward ratios as they allow entry near the beginning of a new impulse move.
Exit Signals
Exit signals are plotted when a ChoCh occurs in the opposite direction of the HTF trend. For example, if the HTF is bullish and a bearish ChoCh forms on the current timeframe, an orange "EXIT" signal appears - warning long traders that the lower timeframe structure is shifting against them. This provides an early warning system to protect profits or minimize losses before the HTF trend itself reverses.
Trading Strategy Recommendations
Trending Markets (Recommended)
In strong trending conditions, both BOS and ChoCh signals can be taken when aligned with the HTF bias. ChoCh entries are particularly powerful as they catch early reversals within the larger trend, offering entries with tight stop losses and extended profit targets.
Ranging Markets
During consolidation or choppy conditions, it's best to be selective and take only BOS entries. BOS signals confirm that the trend is continuing beyond the range, reducing false breakouts and whipsaw trades that are common with counter-trend ChoCh signals in sideways markets.
Customization
Pivot Length: Adjust the sensitivity of structure detection (default: 5). Lower values detect structure more frequently with earlier but potentially noisier signals. Higher values provide cleaner, more significant structural breaks but with some delay.
Higher Timeframe: Customize the HTF to suit your trading style. Day traders might use 1H HTF on 5m charts, while swing traders could use 4H or Daily HTF.
Alert System
Six alert conditions available:
Long BOS Entry / Long ChoCh Entry
Short BOS Entry / Short ChoCh Entry
Long Exit / Short Exit
All alerts fire only on confirmed candle closes to eliminate repainting and false signals.
Visual Features
Color-coded background showing HTF bias
Clear BOS/ChoCh labels with horizontal lines at structure levels
Orange "EXIT" signals when structure breaks against your position
Gray lines tracking current swing highs/lows
HTF trend indicator in the top-right corner
Liquidity Sweeps 2nd attemptLiquidity Sweeps 2nd attempt
The Liquidity Sweeps indicator detects the presence of liquidity sweeps on the user's chart, while also providing potential areas of support/resistance or entry when Liquidity levels are taken.
In the event of a Liquidity Sweep a Sweep Area is created which may provide further areas of interest.
Larry Williams Oops StrategyThis strategy is a modern take on Larry Williams’ classic Oops setup. It trades intraday while referencing daily bars to detect opening gaps and align entries with the prior day’s direction. Risk is managed with day-based stops, and—unlike the original—all positions are closed at the end of the session (or at the last bar’s close), not at a fixed profit target or the first profitable open.
Entry Rules
Long setup (bullish reversion): Today opens below yesterday’s low (down gap) and yesterday’s candle was bearish. Place a buy stop at yesterday’s low + Filter (ticks).
Short setup (bearish reversion): Today opens above yesterday’s high (up gap) and yesterday’s candle was bullish. Place a sell stop at yesterday’s high − Filter (ticks).
Longs are only taken on down-gap days; shorts only on up-gap days.
Protective Stop
If long, stop loss trails the current day’s low.
If short, stop loss trails the current day’s high.
Exit Logic
Positions are force-closed at the end of the session (in the last bar), ensuring no overnight exposure. There is no take-profit; only stop loss or end-of-day flat.
Notes
This strategy is designed for intraday charts (minutes/seconds) using daily data for gaps and prior-day direction.
Longs/shorts can be enabled or disabled independently.
Session Gap Fill [LuxAlgo]The Session Gap Fill tool detects and highlights filled and unfilled price gaps between regular sessions. It features a dashboard with key statistics about the detected gaps.
The tool is highly customizable, allowing users to filter by different types of gaps and customize how they are displayed on the chart.
🔶 USAGE
By default, the tool detects all price gaps between sessions. A price gap is defined as a difference between the opening price of one session and the closing price of the previous session. In this case, the tool uses the opening price of the first bar of the session against the closing price of the previous bar.
A bullish gap is detected when the session open price is higher than the last close, and a bearish gap is detected when the session open price is lower than the last close.
Gaps represent a change in market sentiment, a difference in what market participants think between the close of one trading session and the open of the next.
What is useful to traders is not the gap itself, but how the market reacts to it.
Unfilled gaps occur when prices do not return to the previous session's closing price.
Filled gaps occur when prices come back to the previous session's close price.
By analyzing how markets react to gaps, traders can understand market sentiment, whether different prices are accepted or rejected, and take advantage of this information to position themselves in favor of bullish or bearish market sentiment.
Next, we will cover the Gap Type Filter and Statistics Dashboard.
🔹 Gap Type Filter
Traders can choose from three options: display all gaps, display only overlapping gaps, or display only non-overlapping gaps. All gaps are displayed by default.
An overlapping gap is defined when the first bar of the session has any price in common with the previous bar. No overlapping gap is defined when the two bars do not share any price levels.
As we will see in the next section, there are clear differences in market behavior around these types of gaps.
🔹 Statistics Dashboard
The Statistics Dashboard displays key metrics that help traders understand market behavior around each type of gap.
Gaps: The percentage of bullish and bearish gaps.
Filled: The percentage of filled bullish and bearish gaps.
Reversed: The percentage of filled gaps that move in favor of the gap
Bars Avg.: The average number of bars for a gap to be filled.
Now, let's analyze the chart on the left of the image to understand those stats. These are the stats for all gaps, both overlapping and non-overlapping.
Of the total, bullish gaps represent 55%, and bearish ones represent 44%. The gap bias is pretty balanced in this market.
The second statistic, Filled, shows that 63% of gaps are filled, both bullish and bearish. Therefore, there is a higher probability that a gap will be filled than not.
The third statistic is reversed. This is the percentage of filled gaps where prices move in favor of the gap. This applies to filled bullish gaps when the close of the session is above the open, and to filled bearish gaps when the close of the session is below the open. In other words, first there is a gap, then it fills, and finally it reverses. As we can see in the chart, this only happens 35% of the time for bullish gaps and 29% of the time for bearish gaps.
The last statistic is Bars Avg., which is the average number of bars for a gap to be filled. On average, it takes between one and two bars for both bullish and bearish gaps. On average, gaps fill quickly.
As we can see on the chart, selecting different types of gaps yields different statistics and market behavior. For example, overlapping gaps have a greater than 90% chance of being filled, whereas non-overlapping gaps have a less than 40% chance.
🔶 SETTINGS
Gap Type: Select the type of gap to display.
🔹 Dashboard
Dashboard: Enable or disable the dashboard.
Position: Select the location of the dashboard.
Size: Select the dashboard size.
🔹 Style
Filled Bullish Gap: Enable or disable this gap and choose the color.
Filled Bearish Gap: Enable or disable this gap and choose the color.
Unfilled Gap: Enable or disable this gap and choose the color.
Max Deviation Level: Enable or disable this level and choose the color.
Open Price Level: Enable or disable this level and choose the color.
First Passage Time - Distribution AnalysisThe First Passage Time (FPT) Distribution Analysis indicator is a sophisticated probabilistic tool that answers one of the most critical questions in trading: "How long will it take for price to reach my target, and what are the odds of getting there first?"
Unlike traditional technical indicators that focus on what might happen, this indicator tells you when it's likely to happen.
Mathematical Foundation: First Passage Time Theory
What is First Passage Time?
First Passage Time (FPT) is a concept in stochastic processes that measures the time it takes for a random process to reach a specific threshold for the first time. Originally developed in physics and mathematics, FPT has applications in:
Quantitative Finance: Option pricing, risk management, and algorithmic trading
Neuroscience: Modeling neural firing patterns
Biology: Population dynamics and disease spread
Engineering: Reliability analysis and failure prediction
The Mathematics Behind It
This indicator uses Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM), the same stochastic model used in the Black-Scholes option pricing formula:
dS = μS dt + σS dW
Where:
S = Asset price
μ = Drift (trend component)
σ = Volatility (uncertainty component)
dW = Wiener process (random walk)
Through Monte Carlo simulation, the indicator runs 1,000+ price path simulations to statistically determine:
When each threshold (+X% or -X%) is likely to be hit
Which threshold is hit first (directional bias)
How often each scenario occurs (probability distribution)
🎯 How This Indicator Works
Core Algorithm Workflow:
Calculate Historical Statistics
Measures recent price volatility (standard deviation of log returns)
Calculates drift (average directional movement)
Annualizes these metrics for meaningful comparison
Run Monte Carlo Simulations
Generates 1,000+ random price paths based on historical behavior
Tracks when each path hits the upside (+X%) or downside (-X%) threshold
Records which threshold was hit first in each simulation
Aggregate Statistical Results
Calculates percentile distributions (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th)
Computes "first hit" probabilities (upside vs downside)
Determines average and median time-to-target
Visual Representation
Displays thresholds as horizontal lines
Shows gradient risk zones (purple-to-blue)
Provides comprehensive statistics table
📈 Use Cases
1. Options Trading
Selling Options: Determine if your strike price is likely to be hit before expiration
Buying Options: Estimate probability of reaching profit targets within your time window
Time Decay Management: Compare expected time-to-target vs theta decay
Example: You're considering selling a 30-day call option 5% out of the money. The indicator shows there's a 72% chance price hits +5% within 12 days. This tells you the trade has high assignment risk.
2. Swing Trading
Entry Timing: Wait for higher probability setups when directional bias is strong
Target Setting: Use median time-to-target to set realistic profit expectations
Stop Loss Placement: Understand probability of hitting your stop before target
Example: The indicator shows 85% upside probability with median time of 3.2 days. You can confidently enter long positions with appropriate position sizing.
3. Risk Management
Position Sizing: Larger positions when probability heavily favors one direction
Portfolio Allocation: Reduce exposure when probabilities are near 50/50 (high uncertainty)
Hedge Timing: Know when to add protective positions based on downside probability
Example: Indicator shows 55% upside vs 45% downside—nearly neutral. This signals high uncertainty, suggesting reduced position size or wait for better setup.
4. Market Regime Detection
Trending Markets: High directional bias (70%+ one direction)
Range-bound Markets: Balanced probabilities (45-55% both directions)
Volatility Regimes: Compare actual vs theoretical minimum time
Example: Consistent 90%+ bullish bias across multiple timeframes confirms strong uptrend—stay long and avoid counter-trend trades.
First Hit Rate (Most Important!)
Shows which threshold is likely to be hit FIRST:
Upside %: Probability of hitting upside target before downside
Downside %: Probability of hitting downside target before upside
These always sum to 100%
⚠️ Warning: If you see "Low Hit Rate" warning, increase this parameter!
Advanced Parameters
Drift Mode
Allows you to explore different scenarios:
Historical: Uses actual recent trend (default—most realistic)
Zero (Neutral): Assumes no trend, only volatility (symmetric probabilities)
50% Reduced: Dampens trend effect (conservative scenario)
Use Case: Switch to "Zero (Neutral)" to see what happens in a pure volatility environment, useful for range-bound markets.
Distribution Type
Percentile: Shows 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% levels (recommended for most users)
Sigma: Shows standard deviation levels (1σ, 2σ)—useful for statistical analysis
⚠️ Important Limitations & Best Practices
Limitations
Assumes GBM: Real markets have fat tails, jumps, and regime changes not captured by GBM
Historical Parameters: Uses recent volatility/drift—may not predict regime shifts
No Fundamental Events: Cannot predict earnings, news, or macro shocks
Computational: Runs only on last bar—doesn't give historical signals
Remember: Probabilities are not certainties. Use this indicator as part of a comprehensive trading plan with proper risk management.
Created by: Henrique Centieiro. feedback is more than welcome!
