iBagging Multi-IndicatorHello traders!
You know, machine learning is a very popular theme nowadays. The best tricks and methods were borrowed from Math and Computer Science to improve and create ML algorithms. As you know, one of our analysts is a great fan of ML, thus he decided to borrow on very powerful method from ML.
We have taken 5 indicators, tuned them a bit and make them to vote. If the number of voters is more than the threshold the the bullish/bearish signal shows. It's called Bagging, when some algorithms are voting to classify or to regress. We use EMA Cross with NATR filter, BB Width, divergency detector and bull bear power. This bundle in my opinion is one of the best to define entries. Check it up in you daily trading staff. You shouldn't forget about tuning the parameters on different coins and timeframes. We checked it on 1H BTCUSDT and default parameters are for this combination. I hope you'll enjoy my masterpiece.
How to use it?
Just add it to the chart and check up signals.
Cerca negli script per "algo"
Trend Follow SystemTrend following algorithm:
We take 1- 5 Fibonacci Ema values. 21, 34, 55, 89, 144
2- We normalize the changes of these values over time between 1-100.
3- We take the ema value of 1 length so that it does not follow a horizontal course after the normalization process.
4- In order not to experience too much change, we take the value of sma with a length of 5.
5-We think that when all values are 100, the trend is up, when all values are 0, the trend is down, otherwise the trend is horizontal.
[blackcat] L2 Ehlers Adaptive Jon Andersen R-Squared IndicatorLevel: 2
Background
@pips_v1 has proposed an interesting idea that is it possible to code an "Adaptive Jon Andersen R-Squared Indicator" where the length is determined by DCPeriod as calculated in Ehlers Sine Wave Indicator? I agree with him and starting to construct this indicator. After a study, I found "(blackcat) L2 Ehlers Autocorrelation Periodogram" script could be reused for this purpose because Ehlers Autocorrelation Periodogram is an ideal candidate to calculate the dominant cycle. On the other hand, there are two inputs for R-Squared indicator:
Length - number of bars to calculate moment correlation coefficient R
AvgLen - number of bars to calculate average R-square
I used Ehlers Autocorrelation Periodogram to produced a dynamic value of "Length" of R-Squared indicator and make it adaptive.
Function
One tool available in forecasting the trendiness of the breakout is the coefficient of determination (R-squared), a statistical measurement. The R-squared indicates linear strength between the security's price (the Y - axis) and time (the X - axis). The R-squared is the percentage of squared error that the linear regression can eliminate if it were used as the predictor instead of the mean value. If the R-squared were 0.99, then the linear regression would eliminate 99% of the error for prediction versus predicting closing prices using a simple moving average.
When the R-squared is at an extreme low, indicating that the mean is a better predictor than regression, it can only increase, indicating that the regression is becoming a better predictor than the mean. The opposite is true for extreme high values of the R-squared.
To make this indicator adaptive, the dominant cycle is extracted from the spectral estimate in the next block of code using a center-of-gravity ( CG ) algorithm. The CG algorithm measures the average center of two-dimensional objects. The algorithm computes the average period at which the powers are centered. That is the dominant cycle. The dominant cycle is a value that varies with time. The spectrum values vary between 0 and 1 after being normalized. These values are converted to colors. When the spectrum is greater than 0.5, the colors combine red and yellow, with yellow being the result when spectrum = 1 and red being the result when the spectrum = 0.5. When the spectrum is less than 0.5, the red saturation is decreased, with the result the color is black when spectrum = 0.
Construction of the autocorrelation periodogram starts with the autocorrelation function using the minimum three bars of averaging. The cyclic information is extracted using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the autocorrelation results. This approach has at least four distinct advantages over other spectral estimation techniques. These are:
1. Rapid response. The spectral estimates start to form within a half-cycle period of their initiation.
2. Relative cyclic power as a function of time is estimated. The autocorrelation at all cycle periods can be low if there are no cycles present, for example, during a trend. Previous works treated the maximum cycle amplitude at each time bar equally.
3. The autocorrelation is constrained to be between minus one and plus one regardless of the period of the measured cycle period. This obviates the need to compensate for Spectral Dilation of the cycle amplitude as a function of the cycle period.
4. The resolution of the cyclic measurement is inherently high and is independent of any windowing function of the price data.
Key Signal
DC --> Ehlers dominant cycle.
AvgSqrR --> R-squared output of the indicator.
Remarks
This is a Level 2 free and open source indicator.
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Fibonacci Extension / Retracement / Pivot Points by DGTFɪʙᴏɴᴀᴄᴄɪ Exᴛᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴ / Rᴇᴛʀᴀᴄᴍᴇɴᴛ / Pɪᴠᴏᴛ Pᴏɪɴᴛꜱ
This study combines various Fibonacci concepts into one, and some basic volume and volatility indications
█ Pɪᴠᴏᴛ Pᴏɪɴᴛꜱ — is a technical indicator that is used to determine the levels at which price may face support or resistance. The Pivot Points indicator consists of a pivot point (PP) level and several support (S) and resistance (R) levels. PP, resistance and support values are calculated in different ways, depending on the type of the indicator, this study implements Fibonacci Pivot Points
The indicator resolution is set by the input of the Pivot Points TF (Timeframe). If the Pivot Points TF is set to AUTO (the default value), then the increased resolution is determined by the following algorithm:
for intraday resolutions up to and including 5 min, 4HOURS (4H) is used
for intraday resolutions more than 5 min and up to and including 45 min, DAY (1D) is used
for intraday resolutions more than 45 min and up to and including 4 hour, WEEK (1W) is used
for daily resolutions MONTH is used (1M)
for weekly resolutions, 3-MONTH (3M) is used
for monthly resolutions, 12-MONTH (12M) is used
If the Pivot Points TF is set to User Defined, users may choose any higher timeframe of their preference
█ Fɪʙ Rᴇᴛʀᴀᴄᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ — Fibonacci retracements is a popular instrument used by technical analysts to determine support and resistance areas. In technical analysis, this tool is created by taking two extreme points (usually a peak and a trough) on the chart and dividing the vertical distance by the key Fibonacci coefficients equal to 23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8%, and 100%. This study implements an automated method of identifying the pivot lows/highs and automatically draws horizontal lines that are used to determine possible support and resistance levels
█ Fɪʙᴏɴᴀᴄᴄɪ Exᴛᴇɴꜱɪᴏɴꜱ — Fibonacci extensions are a tool that traders can use to establish profit targets or estimate how far a price may travel AFTER a retracement/pullback is finished. Extension levels are also possible areas where the price may reverse. This study implements an automated method of identifying the pivot lows/highs and automatically draws horizontal lines that are used to determine possible support and resistance levels.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Fibonacci extensions option may require to do further adjustment of the study parameters for proper usage. Extensions are aimed to be used when a trend is present and they aim to measure how far a price may travel AFTER a retracement/pullback. I will strongly suggest users of this study to check the education post for further details, where to use extensions and where to use retracements
Important input options for both Fibonacci Extensions and Retracements
Deviation, is a multiplier that affects how much the price should deviate from the previous pivot in order for the bar to become a new pivot. Increasing its value is one way to get higher timeframe Fib Retracement Levels
Depth, affects the minimum number of bars that will be taken into account when building
█ Volume / Volatility Add-Ons
High Volatile Bar Indication
Volume Spike Bar Indication
Volume Weighted Colored Bars
This study benefits from build-in auto fib retracement tv study and modifications applied to get extentions and also to fit this combo
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
(IK) Base Break BuyThis strategy first calculates areas of support (bases), and then enters trades if that support is broken. The idea is to profit off of retracement. Dollar-cost-averaging safety orders are key here. This strategy takes into account a .1% commission, and tests are done with an initial capital of 100.00 USD. This only goes long.
The strategy is highly customizable. I've set the default values to suit ETH/USD 15m. If you're trading this on another ticker or timeframe, make sure to play around with the settings. There is an explanation of each input in the script comments. I found this to be profitable across most 'common sense' values for settings, but tweaking led to some pretty promising results. I leaned more towards high risk/high trade volume.
Always remember though: historical performance is no guarantee of future behavior . Keep settings within your personal risk tolerance, even if it promises better profit. Anyone can write a 100% profitable script if they assume price always eventually goes up.
Check the script comments for more details, but, briefly, you can customize:
-How many bases to keep track of at once
-How those bases are calculated
-What defines a 'base break'
-Order amounts
-Safety order count
-Stop loss
Here's the basic algorithm:
-Identify support.
--Have previous candles found bottoms in the same area of the current candle bottom?
--Is this support unique enough from other areas of support?
-Determine if support is broken.
--Has the price crossed under support quickly and with certainty?
-Enter trade with a percentage of initial capital.
-Execute safety orders if price continues to drop.
-Exit trade at profit target or stop loss.
Take profit is dynamic and calculated on order entry. The bigger the 'break', the higher your take profit percentage. This target percentage is based on average position size, so as safety orders are filled, and average position size comes down, the target profit becomes easier to reach.
Stop loss can be calculated one of two ways, either a static level based on initial entry, or a dynamic level based on average position size. If you use the latter (default), be aware, your real losses will be greater than your stated stop loss percentage . For example:
-stop loss = 15%, capital = 100.00, safety order threshold = 10%
-you buy $50 worth of shares at $1 - price average is $1
-you safety $25 worth of shares at $0.9 - price average is $0.966
-you safety $25 worth of shares at $0.8. - price average is $0.925
-you get stopped out at 0.925 * (1-.15) = $0.78625, and you're left with $78.62.
This is a realized loss of ~21.4% with a stop loss set to 15%. The larger your safety order threshold, the larger your real loss in comparison to your stop loss percentage, and vice versa.
Indicator plots show the calculated bases in white. The closest base below price is yellow. If that base is broken, it turns purple. Once a trade is entered, profit target is shown in silver and stop loss in red.
(IK) Grid ScriptThis is my take on a grid trading strategy. From Investopedia:
"Grid trading is most commonly associated with the foreign exchange market. Overall the technique seeks to capitalize on normal price volatility in an asset by placing buy and sell orders at certain regular intervals above and below a predefined base price."
This strategy is best used on sideways markets, without a definitive up or down major trend. Because it doesn't rely on huge vertical movement, this strategy is great for small timeframes. It only goes long. I've set initial_capital to 100 USD. default_qty_value should be your initial capital divided by your amount of grid lines. I'm also assuming a 0.1% commission per trade.
Here's the basic algorithm:
- Create a grid based on an upper-bound (strong resistance) and a lower-bound (strong support)
- Grid lines are spaced evenly between these two bounds. (I recommend anywhere between 5-10 grid lines, but this script lets you use up to 15. More gridlines = more/smaller trades)
- Identify nearest gridline above and below current price (ignoring the very closest grid line)
- If price crosses under a near gridline, buy and recalculate near gridlines
- If price crosses over a near gridline, sell and recalculate near gridlines
- Trades are entered and exited based on a FIFO system. So if price falls 3 grid lines (buy-1, buy-2, buy-3), and subsequently crosses above one grid line, only the first trade will exit (sell-1). If it falls again, it will enter a new trade (buy-4), and if it crosses above again it will sell the original second trade (sell-2). The amount of trades you can be in at once are based on the amount of grid lines you have.
This strategy has no built-in stop loss! This is not a 'set-it-and-forget-it" script. Make sure that price remains within the bounds of your grid. If prices exits above the grid, you're in the money, but you won't be making any more trades. If price exits below the grid, you're 100% staked in whatever you happen to be trading.
This script is more complicated than my last one, but should be more user friendly. Make sure to correctly set your lower-bound and upper-bound based on strong support and resistance (the default values for these are probably going to be meaningless). If you change your "Grid Quantity" (amount of grid lines) make sure to also change your 'Order Size' property under settings for proper test results (or default_qty_value in the strategy() declaration).
Repeated Median Regression ChannelThis script uses the Repeated Median (RM) estimator to construct a linear regression channel and thus offers an alternative to the available codes based on ordinary least squares.
The RM estimator is a robust linear regression algorithm. It was proposed by Siegel in 1982 (1) and has since found many applications in science and engineering for linear trend estimation and data filtering.
The key difference between RM and ordinary least squares methods is that the slope of the RM line is significantly less affected by data points that deviate strongly from the established trend. In statistics, these points are usually called outliers, while in the context of price data, they are associated with gaps, reversals, breaks from the trading range. Thus, robustness to outlier means that the nascent deviation from a predetermined trend will be more clearly seen in the RM regression compared to the least-squares estimate. For the same reason, the RM model is expected to better depict gaps and trend changes (2).
Input Description
Length : Determines the length of the regression line.
Channel Multiplier : Determines the channel width in units of root-mean-square deviation.
Show Channel : If switched off , only the (central) regression line is displayed.
Show Historical Broken Channel : If switched on , the channels that were broken in the past are displayed. Note that a certain historical broken channel is shown only when at least Length / 2 bars have passed since the last historical broken channel.
Print Slope : Displays the value of the current RM slope on the graph.
Method
Calculation of the RM regression line is done as follows (1,3):
For each sample point ( t (i), y (i)) with i = 1.. Length , the algorithm calculates the median of all the slopes of the lines connecting this point to the other Length -1 points.
The regression slope is defined as the median of the set of these median slopes.
The regression intercept is defined as the median of the set { y (i) – m * t (i)}.
Computational Time
The present implementation utilizes a brute-force algorithm for computing the RM-slope that takes O ( Length ^2) time. Therefore, the calculation of the historical broken channels might take a relatively long time (depending on the Length parameter). However, when the Show Historical Broken Channel option is off, only the real-time RM channel is calculated, and this is done quite fast.
References
1. A. F. Siegel (1982), Robust regression using repeated medians, Biometrika, 69 , 242–244.
2. P. L. Davies, R. Fried, and U. Gather (2004), Robust signal extraction for on-line monitoring data, Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 122 , 65-78.
3. en.wikipedia.org
Tic Tac Toe (For Fun)Hello All,
I think all of you know the game "Tic Tac Toe" :) This time I tried to make this game, and also I tried to share an example to develop a game script in Pine. Just for fun ;)
Tic Tac Toe Game Rules:
1. The game is played on a grid that's 3 squares by 3 squares.
2. You are "O", the computer is X. Players take turns putting their marks in empty squares.
3. if a player makes 3 of her marks in a row (up, down, across, or diagonally) the he is the winner.
4. When all 9 squares are full, the game is over (draw)
So, how to play the game?
- The player/you can play "O", meaning your mark is "O", so Xs for the script. please note that: The script plays with ONLY X
- There is naming for all squears, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3. you will see all these squares in the options.
- also You can set who will play first => "Human" or "Computer"
if it's your turn to move then you will see "You Move" text, as seen in the following screenshot. for example you want to put "O" to "A1" then using options set A1 as O
How the script play?
it uses MinMax algorithm with constant depth = 4. And yes we don't have option to make recursive functions in Pine at the moment so I made four functions for each depth. this idea can be used in your scripts if you need such an algorithm. if you have no idea about MinMax algorithm you can find a lot of articles on the net :)
The script plays its move automatically if its turn to play. you will just need to set the option that computer played (A1, C3, etc)
if it's computer turn to play then it calculates and show the move it wants to play like "My Move : B3 <= X" then using options you need to set B3 as X
Also it checks if the board is valid or not:
I have tested it but if you see any bug let me know please
Enjoy!
[blackcat] L2 Ehlers Autocorrelation PeriodogramLevel: 2
Background
John F. Ehlers introduced Autocorrelation Periodogram in his "Cycle Analytics for Traders" chapter 8 on 2013.
Function
Construction of the autocorrelation periodogram starts with the autocorrelation function using the minimum three bars of averaging. The cyclic information is extracted using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the autocorrelation results. This approach has at least four distinct advantages over other spectral estimation techniques. These are:
1. Rapid response. The spectral estimates start to form within a half-cycle period of their initiation.
2. Relative cyclic power as a function of time is estimated. The autocorrelation at all cycle periods can be low if there are no cycles present, for example, during a trend. Previous works treated the maximum cycle amplitude at each time bar equally.
3. The autocorrelation is constrained to be between minus one and plus one regardless of the period of the measured cycle period. This obviates the need to compensate for Spectral Dilation of the cycle amplitude as a function of the cycle period.
4. The resolution of the cyclic measurement is inherently high and is independent of any windowing function of the price data.
The dominant cycle is extracted from the spectral estimate in the next block of code using a center-of-gravity (CG) algorithm. The CG algorithm measures the average center of two-dimensional objects. The algorithm computes the average period at which the powers are centered. That is the dominant cycle. The dominant cycle is a value that varies with time. The spectrum values vary between 0 and 1 after being normalized. These values are converted to colors. When the spectrum is greater than 0.5, the colors combine red and yellow, with yellow being the result when spectrum = 1 and red being the result when the spectrum = 0.5. When the spectrum is less than 0.5, the red saturation is decreased, with the result the color is black when spectrum = 0.
Key Signal
DominantCycle --> Dominant Cycle
Period --> Autocorrelation Periodogram Array
Pros and Cons
100% John F. Ehlers definition translation of original work, even variable names are the same. This help readers who would like to use pine to read his book. If you had read his works, then you will be quite familiar with my code style.
Remarks
The 49th script for Blackcat1402 John F. Ehlers Week publication.
Courtesy of @RicardoSantos for RGB functions.
Readme
In real life, I am a prolific inventor. I have successfully applied for more than 60 international and regional patents in the past 12 years. But in the past two years or so, I have tried to transfer my creativity to the development of trading strategies. Tradingview is the ideal platform for me. I am selecting and contributing some of the hundreds of scripts to publish in Tradingview community. Welcome everyone to interact with me to discuss these interesting pine scripts.
The scripts posted are categorized into 5 levels according to my efforts or manhours put into these works.
Level 1 : interesting script snippets or distinctive improvement from classic indicators or strategy. Level 1 scripts can usually appear in more complex indicators as a function module or element.
Level 2 : composite indicator/strategy. By selecting or combining several independent or dependent functions or sub indicators in proper way, the composite script exhibits a resonance phenomenon which can filter out noise or fake trading signal to enhance trading confidence level.
Level 3 : comprehensive indicator/strategy. They are simple trading systems based on my strategies. They are commonly containing several or all of entry signal, close signal, stop loss, take profit, re-entry, risk management, and position sizing techniques. Even some interesting fundamental and mass psychological aspects are incorporated.
Level 4 : script snippets or functions that do not disclose source code. Interesting element that can reveal market laws and work as raw material for indicators and strategies. If you find Level 1~2 scripts are helpful, Level 4 is a private version that took me far more efforts to develop.
Level 5 : indicator/strategy that do not disclose source code. private version of Level 3 script with my accumulated script processing skills or a large number of custom functions. I had a private function library built in past two years. Level 5 scripts use many of them to achieve private trading strategy.
Trend-Range IdentifierTrend trading algorithms fail in ranging market and Swing trading algorithm fail in trending market. Purpose of this indicator is to identify if the instrument is trending or ranging so that you can apply appropriate trading algorithm for the market.
Process:
ATR is calculated based on the input parameter atrLength
Range/Channel containing upLine and downLine is calculated by adding/subtracting atrMultiplier * atr to close price.
This range/channel will remain same until the price breaks either upLine or downLine.
Once price crosses one among upLine and downLine, then new upLine/downLine is calculated based on latest close price.
If price breaks upLine, the trend is considered to be up until the next line break or no lines are broken for rangeLength bars. During this state, candles are colored in lime and upLine/downLine are colored in green.
If price breaks downLine, the trend is considered to be down until the next line break or no lines are broken for rangeLength bars. During this state, candles are colored in orange and upLine/downLine are colored in red.
If close price does not break either upLine or downLine for rangeLength bars, then the instrument is considered to be in range. During this state, candles are colored in silver and upLine/downLine are colored in purple.
In ranging duration, we display one among Keltner Channel, Bollinger Band or Donchian Band as per input parameter : rangeChannel . Other parameters used for calculation are rangeLength and stdDev
I have not fully optimized parameters. Suggestions and feedback welcome.
Dynamic Dots Dashboard (a Cloud/ZLEMA Composite)The purpose of this indicator is to provide an easy-to-read binary dashboard of where the current price is relative to key dynamic supports and resistances. The concept is simple, if a dynamic s/r is currently acting as a resistance, the indicator plots a dot above the histogram in the red box. If a dynamic s/r is acting as support, a dot is plotted in the green box below.
There are some additional features, but the dot graphs are king.
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KEY:
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Currently the dynamic s/r's being used in the dot plots are:
Ichimoku Cloud:
Tenkan (blue)
Kijun (pink)
Senkou A (red)
Senkou B (green)
ZLEMA (Zero Lag Exponential Moving Average)
99 ZLEMA (lavender)
200 ZLEMA (salmon)
You'll see a dashed line through the middle of the resistances section (red) and supports section (green). Cloud indicators are plotted above the dashed line, and ZLEMA's are below.
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How it Works - Visual
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As stated in the intro - if a dynamic s/r is currently above the current price and acting as a resistance, the indicator plots a dot above the histogram in the red box. If a dynamic s/r is acting as support, a dot is plotted in the green box below. Additionally, there is an optional histogram (default is on) that will further visualize this relationship. The histogram is a simple summation of the resistances above and the supports below.
Here's a visual to assist with what that means. This chart includes all of those dynamic s/r's in the dynamic dot dashboard (the on-chart parts are individually added, not part of this tool).
You can see that as a dynamic support is lost, the corresponding dot is moved from the supports section at the bottom (green), to the resistances section at the top (red). The opposite being true as resistances are being overtaken (broken resistances are moved to the support section (red)). You can see that the raw chart is just... a mess. Which kinda of accentuates one of the key goals of this indicator: to get all that dynamic support info without a mess of a chart like that.
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How To Use It
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There are a lot of ways to use this information, but the most notable of which is to detect shifts in the market cycle.
For this example, take a look at the dynamic s/r dots in the resistances category (red background). You can see clearly that there are distinctive blocks of high density dots that have clear beginnings and ends. When we transition from a high density of dots to none in resistances, that means we are flipping them as support and entering a bull cycle. On the other hand, when we go from low density of dots as resistances to high density, we're pivoting to a bear cycle. Easy as that, you can quickly detect when market cycles are beginning or ending.
Alternatively, you can add your preferred linear SR's, fibs, etc. to the chart and quickly glance at the dashboard to gauge how dynamic SR's may be contributing to the risk of your trade.
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Who It's For
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New traders: by looking at dot density alone, you can use Dot Dynamics to spot transitionary phases in market cycles.
Experienced traders: keep your charts clean and the information easy to digest.
Developers: I created this originally as a starting point for more complex algos I'm working on. One algo is reading this dot dashboard and taking a position size relative to the s/r's above and below. Another cloud algo is using the results as inputs to spot good setups.
Colored Bars
There is an option (off by default, shown in the headline image above) to fill the bar colors based on how many dynamic s/r's are above or below the current price. This can make things easier for some users, confusing for others. I defaulted them to off as I don't want colors to confuse the primary value proposition of the indicators, which is the dot heat map. You can turn on colored bars in the settings.
One thing to note with the colored bars: they plot the color purely by the dot densities. Random spikes in the gradient colors (i.e. red to lime or green) can be a useful thing to notice, as they commonly occur at places where the price is bouncing between dynamic s/r's and can indicate a paradigm shift in the market cycle.
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Timeframes and Assets
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This can be used effectively on all assets (stocks, crypto, forex, etc) and all time frames. As always with any indicator, the higher TF's are generally respected more than lower TF's.
Thanks for checking it out! I've been trading crypto for years and am just now beginning to publish my ideas, secret-sauce scripts and handy tools (like this one). If you enjoyed this indicator and would like to see more, a like and a follow is greatly appreciated 😁.
Price levelsThanks to the developers for adding arrays to TradingView. This gives you more freedom in Pine Script coding.
I have created an algorithm that draws support and resistance levels on a chart. The algorithm can be easily customized as you need.
This algorithm can help both intuitive and system traders. Intuitive traders just look at the drawn lines. For system traders, the "levels" array stores all level values. Thus, you can use these values for algorithmic trading.
McGinley Dynamic (Improved) - John R. McGinley, Jr.For all the McGinley enthusiasts out there, this is my improved version of the "McGinley Dynamic", originally formulated and publicized in 1990 by John R. McGinley, Jr. Prior to this release, I recently had an encounter with a member request regarding the reliability and stability of the general algorithm. Years ago, I attempted to discover the root of it's inconsistency, but success was not possible until now. Being no stranger to a good old fashioned computational crisis, I revisited it with considerable contemplation.
I discovered a lack of constraints in the formulation that either caused the algorithm to implode to near zero and zero OR it could explosively enlarge to near infinite values during unusual price action volatility conditions, occurring on different time frames. A numeric E-notation in a moving average doesn't mean a stock just shot up in excess of a few quintillion in value from just "10ish" moments ago. Anyone experienced with the usual McGinley Dynamic, has probably encountered this with dynamically dramatic surprises in their chart, destroying it's usability.
Well, I believe I have found an answer to this dilemma of 'susceptibility to miscalculation', to provide what is most likely McGinley's whole hearted intention. It required upgrading the formulation with two constraints applied to it using min/max() functions. Let me explain why below.
When using base numbers with an exponent to the power of four, some miniature numbers smaller than one can numerically collapse to near 0 values, or even 0.0 itself. A denominator of zero will always give any computational device a horribly bad day, not to mention the developer. Let this be an EASY lesson in computational division, I often entertainingly express to others. You have heard the terminology "$#|T happens!🙂" right? In the programming realm, "AnyNumber/0.0 CAN happen!🤪" too, and it happens "A LOT" unexpectedly, even when it's highly improbable. On the other hand, numbers a bit larger than 2 with the power of four can tremendously expand rapidly to the numeric limits of 64-bit processing, generating ginormous spikes on a chart.
The ephemeral presence of one OR both of those potentials now has a combined satisfactory remedy, AND you as TV members now have it, endowed with the ever evolving "Power of Pine". Oh yeah, this one plots from bar_index==0 too. It also has experimental settings tweaks to play with, that may reveal untapped potential of this formulation. This function now has gain of function capabilities, NOT to be confused with viral gain of function enhancements from reckless BSL-4 leaking laboratories that need to be eternally abolished from this planet. Although, I do have hopes this imd() function has the potential to go viral. I believe this improved function may have utility in the future by developers of the TradingView community. You have the source, and use it wisely...
I included an generic ema() plot for a basic comparison, ultimately unveiling some of this algorithm's unique characteristics differing on a variety of time frames. Also another unconstrained function is included to display some the disparities of having no limitations on a divisor in the calculation. I strongly advise against the use of umd() in any published script. There is simply just no reason to even ponder using it. I also included notes in the script to warn against this. It's funny now, but some folks don't always read/understand my advisories... You have been warned!
NOTICE: You have absolute freedom to use this source code any way you see fit within your new Pine projects, and that includes TV themselves. You don't have to ask for my permission to reuse this improved function in your published scripts, simply because I have better things to do than answer requests for the reuse of this simplistic imd() function. Sufficient accreditation regarding this script and compliance with "TV's House Rules" regarding code reuse, is as easy as copying the entire function as is. Fair enough? Good! I have a backlog of "computational crises" to contend with, including another one during the writing of this elaborate description.
When available time provides itself, I will consider your inquiries, thoughts, and concepts presented below in the comments section, should you have any questions or comments regarding this indicator. When my indicators achieve more prevalent use by TV members, I may implement more ideas when they present themselves as worthy additions. Have a profitable future everyone!
Many Moving AveragesThis script allows you to add two moving averages to a chart, where the type of moving average can be chosen from a collection of 15 different moving average algorithms. Each moving average can also have different lengths and crossovers/unders can be displayed and alerted on.
The supported moving average types are:
Simple Moving Average ( SMA )
Exponential Moving Average ( EMA )
Double Exponential Moving Average ( DEMA )
Triple Exponential Moving Average ( TEMA )
Weighted Moving Average ( WMA )
Volume Weighted Moving Average ( VWMA )
Smoothed Moving Average ( SMMA )
Hull Moving Average ( HMA )
Least Square Moving Average/Linear Regression ( LSMA )
Arnaud Legoux Moving Average ( ALMA )
Jurik Moving Average ( JMA )
Volatility Adjusted Moving Average ( VAMA )
Fractal Adaptive Moving Average ( FRAMA )
Zero-Lag Exponential Moving Average ( ZLEMA )
Kauman Adaptive Moving Average ( KAMA )
Many of the moving average algorithms were taken from other peoples' scripts. I'd like to thank the authors for making their code available.
JayRogers
Alex Orekhov (everget)
Alex Orekhov (everget)
Joris Duyck (JD)
nemozny
Shizaru
KobySK
Jurik Research and Consulting for inventing the JMA.
BitradertrackerEste Indicador ya no consiste en líneas móviles que se cruzan para dar señales de entrada o salida, si no que va más allá e interpreta gráficamente lo que está sucediendo con el valor.
Es un algoritmo potente, que incluye 4 indicadores de tendencia y 2 indicadores de volumen.
Con este indicador podemos movernos con las "manos fuertes" del mercado, rastrear sus intenciones y tomar decisiones de compra y venta.
Diseñado para operar en criptomonedas.
En cuanto a qué temporalidad usar, cuanto más grande mejor, ya que al final lo que estamos haciendo es el análisis de datos y, por lo tanto, cuanto más datos, mejor. Personalmente recomiendo usarlo en velas de 30 minutos, 1 hora y 4 horas.
Recuerde, ningún indicador es 100% efectivo.
Este indicador nos muestra en las áreas de color púrpura (manos fuertes) y en las áreas de color verde (manos débiles) y al mostrármelo gráficamente ya el indicador vale la pena.
El mercado está impulsado por dos tipos de inversores, que se denominan manos fuertes o ballenas (agencias, fondos, empresas, bancos, etc.) y manos débiles o peces pequeños (es decir, nosotros).
No tenemos la capacidad de manipular un valor, ya que nuestra cartera es limitada, pero podemos ingresar y salir de los valores fácilmente ya que no tenemos mucho dinero.
Las ballenas pueden manipular un valor ya que tienen muchos bitcoins y / o dinero, sin embargo, no pueden moverse fácilmente.
Entonces, ¿como pueden comprar o vender sus monedas las ballenas? Bueno, ellos hacen su juego: Tratan de hacernos creer que la moneda esta barata cuando nos quieren vender sus monedas o hacernos creer que la moneda es cara cuando quieren comprar nuestras monedas. Esta manipulación se realiza de muchas maneras, la mayoría por noticias.
Nosotros, los pequeños peces, no podemos competir contra las ballenas, pero podemos descubrir qué están haciendo (recuerde, son lentas, mueven sus monstruosas cantidades de dinero) debemos movernos con ellas e imitarlas. Mejor estar bajo la ballena que delante de ella.
Con este indicador puedes ver cuando las ballenas están operando y reaccionar ; porque el enfoque matemático que los sustenta ha demostrado ser bastante exitoso.
Cuando las manos fuertes están por debajo de cero, se dice que están comprando. Lo mismo ocurre con las manos débiles. Generalmente, si las manos fuertes están comprando o vendiendo, el precio está lateralizado. El movimiento del precio está asociado con las compras y ventas realizadas por la mano débil.
Espero que les sea de mucha utilidad.
Bitrader4.0
This indicator no longer consists of mobile lines that intersect to give input or output signals, but it goes further and graphically interprets what is happening with the value.
It is a powerful algorithm, which includes 4 trend indicators and 2 volume indicators.
With this indicator we can move with the "strong hands" of the market, track their intentions and make buying and selling decisions.
Designed to operate in cryptocurrencies.
As for what temporality to use, the bigger the better, since in the end what we are doing is the analysis of data and, therefore, the more data, the better. Personally I recommend using it in candles of 30 minutes, 1 hour and 4 hours.
Remember, no indicator is 100% effective.
This indicator shows us in the areas of color purple (strong hands) and in the areas of color green (weak hands) and by showing it graphically and the indicator is worth it.
The market is driven by two types of investors, which are called strong hands or whales (agencies, funds, companies, banks, etc.) and weak hands or small fish (that is, us).
We do not have the ability to manipulate a value, since our portfolio is limited, but we can enter and exit the securities easily since we do not have much money.
Whales can manipulate a value since they have many bitcoins and / or money, however, they can not move easily.
So, how can whales buy or sell their coins? Well, they make their game: They try to make us believe that the currency is cheap when they want to sell their coins or make us believe that the currency is expensive when they want to buy our coins. This manipulation is done in many ways, most by news.
We, small fish, can not compete against whales, but we can find out what they are doing (remember, they are slow, move their monstrous amounts of money) we must move with them and imitate them. Better to be under the whale than in front of her.
With this indicator you can see when the whales are operating and reacting; because the mathematical approach that sustains them has proven to be quite successful.
When strong hands are below zero, they say they are buying. The same goes for weak hands. Generally, if strong hands are buying or selling, the price is lateralized. The movement of the price is associated with the purchases and sales made by the weak hand.
I hope you find it very useful.
Bitrader4.0
META: STDEV Study (Scripting Exercise)While trying to figure out how to make the STDEV function use an exponential moving average instead of simple moving average , I discovered the builtin function doesn't really use either.
Check it out, it's amazing how different the two-pass algorithm is from the builtin!
Eventually I reverse-engineered and discovered that STDEV uses the Naiive algorithm and doesn't apply "Bessel's Correction". K can be 0, it doesn't seem to change the data although having it included should make it a little more precise.
en.wikipedia.org
Acc/DistAMA with FRACTAL DEVIATION BANDS by @XeL_ArjonaACCUMULATION/DISTRIBUTION ADAPTIVE MOVING AVERAGE with FRACTAL DEVIATION BANDS
Ver. 2.5 @ 16.09.2015
By Ricardo M Arjona @XeL_Arjona
DISCLAIMER:
The Following indicator/code IS NOT intended to be a formal investment advice or recommendation by the
author, nor should be construed as such. Users will be fully responsible by their use regarding their own trading vehicles/assets.
The embedded code and ideas within this work are FREELY AND PUBLICLY available on the Web for NON LUCRATIVE ACTIVITIES and must remain as is.
Pine Script code MOD's and adaptations by @XeL_Arjona with special mention in regard of:
Buy (Bull) and Sell (Bear) "Power Balance Algorithm" by:
Stocks & Commodities V. 21:10 (68-72): "Bull And Bear Balance Indicator by Vadim Gimelfarb"
Fractal Deviation Bands by @XeL_Arjona.
Color Cloud Fill by @ChrisMoody
CHANGE LOG:
Following a "Fractal Approach" now the lookback window is hardcode correlated with a given timeframe. (Default @ 126 days as Half a Year / 252 bars)
Clean and speed up of Adaptive Moving Average Algo.
Fractal Deviation Band Cloud coloring smoothed.
>
ALL NEW IDEAS OR MODIFICATIONS to these indicator(s) are Welcome in favor to deploy a better and more accurate readings. I will be very glad to be notified at Twitter or TradingVew accounts at: @XeL_Arjona
Any important addition to this work MUST REMAIN PUBLIC by means of CreativeCommons CC & TradingView. Copyright 2015
Volume Pressure Composite Average with Bands by @XeL_ArjonaVOLUME PRESSURE COMPOSITE AVERAGE WITH BANDS
Ver. 1.0.beta.10.08.2015
By Ricardo M Arjona @XeL_Arjona
DISCLAIMER:
The Following indicator/code IS NOT intended to be a formal investment advice or recommendation by the author, nor should be construed as such. Users will be fully responsible by their use regarding their own trading vehicles/assets.
The embedded code and ideas within this work are FREELY AND PUBLICLY available on the Web for NON LUCRATIVE ACTIVITIES and must remain as is.
Pine Script code MOD's and adaptations by @XeL_Arjona with special mention in regard of:
Buy (Bull) and Sell (Bear) "Power Balance Algorithm" by :
Stocks & Commodities V. 21:10 (68-72):
"Bull And Bear Balance Indicator by Vadim Gimelfarb"
Adjusted Exponential Adaptation from original Volume Weighted Moving Average (VEMA) by @XeL_Arjona with help given at the @pinescript chat room with special mention to @RicardoSantos
Color Cloud Fill Condition algorithm by @ChrisMoody
WHAT IS THIS?
The following indicators try to acknowledge in a K-I-S-S approach to the eye (Keep-It-Simple-Stupid), the two most important aspects of nearly every trading vehicle: -- PRICE ACTION IN RELATION BY IT'S VOLUME --
A) My approach is to make this indicator both as a "Trend Follower" as well as a Volatility expressed in the Bands which are the weighting basis of the trend given their "Cross Signal" given by the Buy & Sell Volume Pressures algorithm. >
B) Please experiment with lookback periods against different timeframes. Given the nature of the Volume Mathematical Monster this kind of study is and in concordance with Price Action; at first glance I've noted that both in short as in long term periods, the indicator tends to adapt quite well to general price action conditions. BE ADVICED THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL!
C) ALL NEW IDEAS OR MODIFICATIONS to these indicator(s) are Welcome in favor to deploy a better and more accurate readings. I will be very glad to be notified at Twitter or TradingVew accounts at: @XeL_Arjona
Any important addition to this work MUST REMAIN PUBLIC by means of CreativeCommons CC & TradingView. --- All Authorship Rights RESERVED 2015 ---
X Trade Plan [asset]A precision-structured execution framework designed to identify, map, and visualize targeted areas of interest derived from prior end-of-day AVWAP levels. These areas represent historically important zones where order flow has previously rotated, absorbed, or redistributed—making them highly relevant for future intraday decision-making.
This tool is intended to work in direct combination with the X Tail that Wags indicator, which calculates and projects the previous session’s ending AVWAP forward into the next trading day. The projected end-of-day AVWAP levels serve as a backbone for this Trade Plan: each level is wrapped, extended, and visually organized into a standardized zone structure that the trader can interpret quickly and consistently.
Purpose and Core Concept
Markets consistently respond to prior session value. The end-of-day AVWAP reflects the final consensus price where volume and time-weighted participation reached equilibrium before the session closed. When carried forward, these levels often act as real-world:
Reversion points
Liquidity pockets
Control centers
Continuation or rejection pivots
Absorption shelves and distribution tops
By framing these AVWAP-derived levels into controlled ranges—each with a slight configurable margin—the indicator transforms abstract numbers into objective, visually actionable trading zones.
How This Indicator Works
The user inputs up to fifteen prior AVWAP levels that came from X Tail that Wags’ “Previous End-of-Day AVWAP” readouts. For each active level, X Trade Plan automatically:
Builds a structured zone around the AVWAP using a user-defined ± margin
Draws a filled box from the anchor bar forward a customizable distance
Adds optional top/bottom price labels for precision
Optionally draws a mid-line representing the core of the zone
Displays custom text labels for classification, notes, or tiering
Refreshes anchor points at user-selected higher-timeframe boundaries (e.g., Daily) so zones “reset cleanly” at each new session
Everything is designed to ensure consistent, non-overlapping, visually efficient zones that maintain chart clarity even when multiple levels are active.
Intended Use in a Trade Plan
This indicator is not a signal generator.
It is a structural mapping tool designed for traders who build a daily plan around:
1. Prior Value → Future Reaction
Price commonly retests, respects, or rejects previous session AVWAP levels. These zones act as tactical reference points to evaluate:
Whether price is accepting value
Rejecting value
Targeting inefficiencies
Passing through low-resistance channels
2. Defining Areas of Interest (AOIs)
Each zone identifies where:
Positioning from previous sessions may still exist
Liquidity may sit
Algorithmic systems often pivot
High-volume traders previously accumulated or distributed
3. Enhancing Bias and Scenario Planning
When used with X Tail that Wags, traders can combine:
Current session AVWAP direction
Prior session ending AVWAP levels
The constructed Trade Plan zones
to produce:
Meaningful upside/downside targets
Control-center ranges
Lean / location for entries
Expected reaction points
This synergy turns raw historical AVWAP data into actionable structure.
Why These Levels Matter
End-of-day AVWAP levels are powerful because they encapsulate:
The final “fair value” of the prior session
Where the most volume-weighted agreement occurred
Where institutional inventory was likely set or hedged
The price many algos and funds benchmark against
When the next session opens, these prior value levels serve as magnets and decision boundaries, helping traders anticipate:
High-probability pullback zones
Reversals off previous value
Break-and-go continuation levels
Failure points where trapped participants are forced to exit
Summary
X Trade Plan
𝑎
𝑠
𝑠
𝑒
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asset transforms prior AVWAP levels—sourced from X Tail that Wags—into a structured visual map of the market’s most relevant historical value areas. These zones are used to shape a deliberate, rules-based Trade Plan that identifies where the market is likely to react, pause, rotate, or accelerate during the current session.
When paired with X Tail that Wags, this indicator provides a powerful, integrated workflow for traders who rely on value-based context, precise levels, and scenario-driven preparation.
Advanced Psychological Levels with Dynamic Spacing═══════════════════════════════════════
ADVANCED PSYCHOLOGICAL LEVELS WITH DYNAMIC SPACING
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A comprehensive psychological price level indicator that automatically identifies and displays round number levels across multiple timeframes. Features dynamic ATR-based spacing, smart crypto detection, distance tracking, and customizable alert system.
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WHAT THIS INDICATOR DOES
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This indicator automatically draws psychological price levels (round numbers) that often act as support and resistance:
- Dynamic ATR-Based Spacing - Adapts level spacing to market volatility
- Multiple Level Types - Major (250 pip), Standard (100 pip), Mid, and Intraday levels
- Smart Asset Detection - Automatically adjusts for Forex, Crypto, Indices, and CFDs
- Crypto Price Adaptation - Intelligent level spacing based on cryptocurrency price magnitude
- Distance Information Table - Real-time percentage distance to nearest levels
- Combined Level Labels - Clear identification when multiple level types coincide
- Performance Optimized - Configurable visible range and label limits
- Comprehensive Alerts - Notifications when price crosses any level type
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HOW IT WORKS
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PSYCHOLOGICAL LEVELS CONCEPT:
Psychological levels are round numbers where traders tend to place orders, creating natural support and resistance zones. These include:
- Forex: 1.0000, 1.0100, 1.0050 (pips)
- Crypto: $100, $1,000, $10,000 (whole numbers)
- Indices: 10,000, 10,500, 11,000 (points)
Why They Matter:
- Traders naturally gravitate to round numbers
- Stop losses cluster at these levels
- Take profit orders concentrate here
- Institutional algorithmic trading often targets these levels
DYNAMIC ATR-BASED SPACING:
Traditional Method:
- Fixed spacing regardless of volatility
- May be too tight in volatile markets
- May be too wide in quiet markets
Dynamic Method (Recommended):
- Uses ATR (Average True Range) to measure volatility
- Automatically adjusts level spacing
- Tighter levels in low volatility
- Wider levels in high volatility
Calculation:
1. Calculate ATR over specified period (default: 14)
2. Multiply by ATR multiplier (default: 2.0)
3. Round to nearest psychological level
4. Generate levels at dynamic intervals
Benefits:
- Adapts to market conditions
- More relevant levels in all volatility regimes
- Reduces clutter in trending markets
- Provides more detail in ranging markets
LEVEL TYPES:
Major Levels (250 pip/point):
- Highest significance
- Primary support/resistance zones
- Color: Red (default)
- Style: Solid lines
- Spacing: 2.5x standard step
Standard Levels (100 pip/point):
- Secondary importance
- Common psychological barriers
- Color: Blue (default)
- Style: Dashed lines
- Spacing: Standard step
Mid Levels (50% between major):
- Optional intermediate levels
- Halfway between major levels
- Color: Gray (default)
- Style: Dotted lines
- Usage: Additional confluence points
Intraday Levels (sub-100 pip):
- For intraday traders
- Fine-grained precision
- Color: Yellow (default)
- Style: Dotted lines
- Only shown on intraday timeframes
SMART ASSET DETECTION:
Forex Pairs:
- Detects major currency pairs automatically
- Uses pip-based calculations
- Standard: 100 pips (0.0100)
- Major: 250 pips (0.0250)
- Intraday: 20, 50, 80 pip subdivisions
Cryptocurrencies:
- Automatic price magnitude detection
- Adaptive spacing based on price:
* Under $0.10: Levels at $0.01, $0.05
* $0.10-$1: Levels at $0.10, $0.50
* $1-$10: Levels at $1, $5
* $10-$100: Levels at $10, $50
* $100-$1,000: Levels at $100, $500
* $1,000-$10,000: Levels at $1,000, $5,000
* Over $10,000: Levels at $5,000, $10,000
Indices & CFDs:
- Fixed point-based system
- Major: 500 point intervals (with 250 sub-levels)
- Standard: 100 point intervals
- Suitable for stock indices like SPX, NASDAQ
COMBINED LEVEL LABELS:
When multiple level types coincide at the same price:
- Single line drawn (highest priority color)
- Combined label shows all types
- Priority: Major > Standard > Mid > Intraday
Example Label Formats:
- "1.1000 Major" - Major level only
- "1.1000 Std + Major" - Both standard and major
- "50000 Intra + Mid + Std" - Three levels coincide
Benefits:
- Cleaner chart appearance
- Clear identification of confluence
- Reduced visual clutter
- Easy to spot high-importance levels
DISTANCE INFORMATION TABLE:
Real-time tracking of nearest levels:
Table Contents:
- Nearest major level above (price and % distance)
- Nearest standard level above (price and % distance)
- Nearest standard level below (price and % distance)
Display:
- Top right corner (configurable)
- Color-coded by level type
- Real-time percentage calculations
- Helpful for position management
Usage:
- Identify proximity to key levels
- Set realistic profit targets
- Gauge potential move magnitude
- Monitor approaching resistance/support
ALERT SYSTEM:
Comprehensive crossing alerts:
Alert Types:
- Major Level Crosses
- Standard Level Crosses
- Intraday Level Crosses
Alert Modes:
- First Cross Only: Alert once when level is crossed
- All Crosses: Alert every time level is crossed
Alert Information:
- Level type crossed
- Specific price level
- Direction (above/below)
- One alert per bar to prevent spam
Configuration:
- Enable/disable by level type
- Choose alert frequency
- Customize for your trading style
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HOW TO USE
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INITIAL SETUP:
General Settings:
1. Enable "Use Dynamic ATR-Based Spacing" (recommended)
2. Set ATR Period (14 is standard)
3. Adjust ATR Multiplier (2.0 is balanced)
Visibility Settings:
1. Set Visible Range % (10% recommended for clarity)
2. Adjust Label Offset for readability
3. Configure performance limits if needed
Level Selection:
1. Enable/disable level types based on trading style
2. Adjust line counts for each type
3. Choose line styles and colors for visibility
TRADING STRATEGIES:
Breakout Trading:
1. Wait for price to approach major or standard level
2. Monitor for consolidation near level
3. Enter on confirmed break above/beyond level
4. Stop loss just beyond the broken level
5. Target: Next major or standard level
Rejection Trading:
1. Identify major psychological level
2. Wait for price to test the level
3. Look for rejection signals (wicks, bearish/bullish candles)
4. Enter in direction of rejection
5. Stop beyond the level
6. Target: Previous level or mid-level
Range Trading:
1. Identify range between two major levels
2. Buy at lower psychological level
3. Sell at upper psychological level
4. Use standard and mid-levels for position management
5. Exit if major level breaks with volume
Confluence Trading:
1. Look for combined levels (Std + Major)
2. These represent high-probability zones
3. Use as primary support/resistance
4. Increase position size at confluence
5. Expect stronger reactions at these levels
Session-Based Trading:
1. Note opening level at session start (Asian/London/NY)
2. Trade breakouts of major levels during high-volume sessions
3. London/NY sessions: More likely to break levels
4. Asian session: More likely to respect levels (range trading)
RISK MANAGEMENT WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL LEVELS:
Stop Loss Placement:
- Place stops just beyond psychological levels
- Add buffer (5-10 pips for forex)
- Avoid exact round numbers (stop hunting risk)
- Use previous major level as maximum stop
Take Profit Strategy:
- First target: Next standard level (partial profit)
- Second target: Next major level (remaining position)
- Trail stops to breakeven at first target
- Use distance table to calculate risk/reward
Position Sizing:
- Larger positions at major levels (higher probability)
- Smaller positions at intraday levels (lower probability)
- Scale in at standard levels between major levels
- Reduce size when multiple levels are close together
TIMEFRAME CONSIDERATIONS:
Higher Timeframes (4H, Daily, Weekly):
- Focus on Major and Standard levels only
- Disable Intraday and Mid levels
- Wider level spacing expected
- Use for swing trading and position trading
Lower Timeframes (5m, 15m, 1H):
- Enable all level types
- Use Intraday levels for precision
- Tighter level spacing acceptable
- Good for day trading and scalping
Multi-Timeframe Approach:
- Identify major levels on Daily/4H charts
- Refine entries using 15m/1H intraday levels
- Trade in direction of higher timeframe bias
- Use lower timeframe levels for position management
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CONFIGURATION GUIDE
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GENERAL SETTINGS:
Dynamic ATR-Based Spacing:
- Enabled: Recommended for most markets
- Disabled: Fixed psychological levels
- ATR Period: 14 (standard), 10 (responsive), 20 (smooth)
- ATR Multiplier: 1.0-5.0 (2.0 is balanced)
VISIBILITY SETTINGS:
Visible Range %:
- 5%: Very tight range, minimal clutter
- 10%: Balanced view (recommended)
- 20%: Wide range, more context
- 50%: Maximum range, all levels visible
Label Offset:
- 10-20 bars: Close to current price
- 30-50 bars: Moderate distance
- 50-100 bars: Far from price action
Performance Limits:
- Max Historical Bars: Reduce if indicator loads slowly
- Max Labels: Reduce for cleaner chart (20-30 recommended)
LEVEL CUSTOMIZATION:
Line Count:
- Lower (1-3): Cleaner chart, fewer levels
- Medium (4-6): Balanced view
- Higher (7-10): More context, busier chart
Line Styles:
- Solid: High importance, easy to see
- Dashed: Medium importance, clear but subtle
- Dotted: Low importance, minimal visual weight
Colors:
- Use contrasting colors for different level types
- Red/Blue/Yellow default works well
- Adjust based on chart background and personal preference
DISTANCE TABLE:
Position:
- Top Right: Doesn't interfere with price action
- Top Left: Good for right-side price scale
- Bottom positions: Less common but available
Colors:
- Default (white text, dark background) works for most charts
- Match your chart theme for consistency
- Ensure text is readable against background
ALERT CONFIGURATION:
Alert by Level Type:
- Major: Most important, fewer false signals
- Standard: Balance of frequency and importance
- Intraday: Many signals, best for active traders
Alert Frequency:
- First Cross Only: Cleaner, less noise (recommended for swing trading)
- All Crosses: Every touch, good for scalping
Alert Setup in TradingView:
1. Configure desired alert types in indicator settings
2. Right-click chart → Add Alert
3. Select this indicator
4. Choose "Any alert() function call"
5. Set delivery method (mobile, email, webhook)
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ASSET-SPECIFIC TIPS
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FOREX (EUR/USD, GBP/USD, etc.):
- Major levels at x.x000, x.x500
- Standard levels at x.xx00
- Intraday levels at 20/50/80 pips
- Most effective during London/NY sessions
- Watch for "figure" levels (1.0000, 1.1000)
CRYPTOCURRENCIES (BTC, ETH, etc.):
- Enable dynamic spacing for volatile markets
- Levels adjust automatically based on price
- Watch major $1,000 increments for BTC
- $100 levels important for ETH
- Smaller caps: Use standard levels
- High volatility: Increase ATR multiplier to 3.0
STOCK INDICES (SPX, NASDAQ, etc.):
- 100-point levels most important
- 500-point levels for major S/R
- 50-point mid-levels for refinement
- Watch end-of-day for level reactions
- Futures often lead spot on level breaks
GOLD/COMMODITIES:
- Major levels at $50 increments ($1,900, $1,950)
- Standard levels at $10 increments
- Very reactive to psychological levels
- Watch for false breaks during low volume
- Best reactions during active trading hours
───────────────────────────────────────
BEST PRACTICES
───────────────────────────────────────
Chart Setup:
- Use clean price action charts
- Avoid too many indicators
- Ensure psychological levels are clearly visible
- Match colors to your chart theme
Level Selection:
- Start with Major and Standard levels only
- Add Mid and Intraday as needed
- Less is more - avoid chart clutter
- Adjust based on timeframe
Combining with Other Tools:
- Volume profile for confluence
- Trendlines intersecting psychological levels
- Moving averages near round numbers
- Fibonacci levels coinciding with psychological levels
Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Trading every level touch (be selective)
- Ignoring volume confirmation
- Setting stops exactly at levels (stop hunting)
- Forgetting to adjust for different assets
- Over-relying on levels without price action confirmation
Performance Optimization:
- Reduce visible range for faster loading
- Lower max historical bars on lower timeframes
- Limit labels to 30-50 for clarity
- Disable unused level types
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EDUCATIONAL DISCLAIMER
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This indicator identifies psychological price levels based on round numbers that tend to act as support and resistance. The methodology includes:
- Round number detection algorithms
- ATR-based dynamic spacing calculations
- Asset-specific level determination
- Distance percentage calculations
Psychological levels are a recognized concept in technical analysis, studied by traders and institutions. However, they do not guarantee price reactions and should be used as part of a comprehensive trading strategy including proper risk management, volume analysis, and price action confirmation.
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USAGE DISCLAIMER
───────────────────────────────────────
This tool is for educational and analytical purposes. Psychological levels can act as support or resistance but price reactions are not guaranteed. Dynamic spacing may generate different levels in different market conditions. Always conduct independent analysis, use proper risk management, and never risk capital you cannot afford to lose. Past performance does not indicate future results.
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CREDITS & ATTRIBUTION
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Original Concept: Sonar Lab
Opening Range Breakout with Multi-Timeframe Liquidity]═══════════════════════════════════════
OPENING RANGE BREAKOUT WITH MULTI-TIMEFRAME LIQUIDITY
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A professional Opening Range Breakout (ORB) indicator enhanced with multi-timeframe liquidity detection, trading session visualization, volume analysis, and trend confirmation tools. Designed for intraday trading with comprehensive alert system.
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WHAT THIS INDICATOR DOES
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This indicator combines multiple trading concepts:
- Opening Range Breakout (ORB) - Customizable time period detection with automatic high/low identification
- Multi-Timeframe Liquidity - HTF (Higher Timeframe) and LTF (Lower Timeframe) key level detection
- Trading Sessions - Tokyo, London, New York, and Sydney session visualization
- Volume Analysis - Volume spike detection and strength measurement
- Multi-Timeframe Confirmation - Trend bias from higher timeframes
- EMA Integration - Trend filter and dynamic support/resistance
- Smart Alerts - Quality-filtered breakout notifications
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HOW IT WORKS
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OPENING RANGE BREAKOUT (ORB):
Concept:
The Opening Range is a period at the start of a trading session where price establishes an initial high and low. Breakouts beyond this range often indicate the direction of the day's trend.
Detection Method:
- Default: 15-minute opening range (configurable)
- Custom Range: Set specific session times with timezone support
- Automatically identifies ORH (Opening Range High) and ORL (Opening Range Low)
- Tracks ORB mid-point for reference
Range Establishment:
1. Session starts (or custom time begins)
2. Tracks highest high and lowest low during the period
3. Range confirmed at end of opening period
4. Levels extend throughout the session
Breakout Detection:
- Bullish Breakout: Close above ORH
- Bearish Breakout: Close below ORL
- Mid-point acts as bias indicator
Visual Display:
- Shaded box during range formation
- Horizontal lines for ORH, ORL, and mid-point
- Labels showing level values
- Color-coded fills based on selected method
Fill Color Methods:
1. Session Comparison:
- Green: Current OR mid > Previous OR mid
- Red: Current OR mid < Previous OR mid
- Gray: Equal or first session
- Shows day-over-day momentum
2. Breakout Direction (Recommended):
- Green: Price currently above ORH (bullish breakout)
- Red: Price currently below ORL (bearish breakout)
- Gray: Price inside range (no breakout)
- Real-time breakout status
MULTI-TIMEFRAME LIQUIDITY:
Two-Tier System for comprehensive level identification:
HTF (Higher Timeframe) Key Liquidity:
- Default: 4H timeframe (configurable to Daily, Weekly)
- Identifies major institutional levels
- Uses pivot detection with adjustable parameters
- Suitable for swing highs/lows where large orders rest
LTF (Lower Timeframe) Key Liquidity:
- Default: 1H timeframe (configurable)
- Provides precision entry/exit levels
- Finer granularity for intraday trading
- Captures minor swing points
Calculation Method:
- Pivot high/low detection algorithm
- Configurable left bars (lookback) and right bars (confirmation)
- Timeframe multiplier for accurate multi-timeframe detection
- Automatic level extension
Mitigation System:
- Tracks when levels are swept (broken)
- Configurable mitigation type: Wick or Close-based
- Option to remove or show mitigated levels
- Display limit prevents chart clutter
Asset-Specific Optimization:
The indicator includes quick reference settings for different assets:
- Major Forex (EUR/USD, GBP/USD): Default settings optimal
- Crypto (BTC/ETH): Left=12, Right=4, Display=7
- Gold: HTF=1D, Left=20
TRADING SESSIONS:
Four Major Sessions with Full Customization:
Tokyo Session:
- Default: 04:00-13:00 UTC+4
- Asian trading hours
- Often sets daily range
London Session:
- Default: 11:00-20:00 UTC+4
- Highest liquidity period
- Major institutional activity
New York Session:
- Default: 16:00-01:00 UTC+4
- US market hours
- High-impact news events
Sydney Session:
- Default: 01:00-10:00 UTC+4
- Earliest Asian activity
- Lower volatility
Session Features:
- Shaded background boxes
- Session name labels
- Optional open/close lines
- Session high/low tracking with colored lines
- Each session has independent color settings
- Fully customizable times and timezones
VOLUME ANALYSIS:
Volume-Based Trade Confirmation:
Volume MA:
- Configurable period (default: 20)
- Establishes average volume baseline
- Used for spike detection
Volume Spike Detection:
- Identifies when volume exceeds MA * multiplier
- Default: 1.5x average volume
- Confirms breakout strength
Volume Strength Measurement:
- Calculates current volume as percentage of average
- Shows relative volume intensity
- Used in alert quality filtering
High Volume Bars:
- Identifies bars above 50th percentile
- Additional confirmation layer
- Indicates institutional participation
MULTI-TIMEFRAME CONFIRMATION:
Trend Bias from Higher Timeframes:
HTF 1 (Trend):
- Default: 1H timeframe
- Uses EMA to determine intermediate trend
- Compares current timeframe EMA to HTF EMA
HTF 2 (Bias):
- Default: 4H timeframe
- Uses 50 EMA for longer-term bias
- Confirms overall market direction
Bias Classifications:
- Bullish Bias: HTF close > HTF 50 EMA AND Current EMA > HTF1 EMA
- Bearish Bias: HTF close < HTF 50 EMA AND Current EMA < HTF1 EMA
- Neutral Bias: Mixed signals between timeframes
EMA Stack Analysis:
- Compares EMA alignment across timeframes
- +1: Bullish stack (lower TF EMA > higher TF EMA)
- -1: Bearish stack (lower TF EMA < higher TF EMA)
- 0: Neutral/crossed
Usage:
- Filters false breakouts
- Confirms trend direction
- Improves trade quality
EMA INTEGRATION:
Dynamic EMA for Trend Reference:
Features:
- Configurable period (default: 20)
- Customizable color and width
- Acts as dynamic support/resistance
- Trend filter for ORB trades
Application:
- Above EMA: Favor long breakouts
- Below EMA: Favor short breakouts
- EMA cross: Potential trend change
- Distance from EMA: Momentum gauge
SMART ALERT SYSTEM:
Quality-Filtered Breakout Notifications:
Alert Types:
1. Standard ORB Breakout
2. High Quality ORB Breakout
Quality Criteria:
- Volume Confirmation: Volume > 1.2x average
- MTF Confirmation: Bias aligned with breakout direction
Standard Alert:
- Basic breakout detection
- Price crosses ORH or ORL
- Icon: 🚀 (bullish) or 🔻 (bearish)
High Quality Alert:
- Both volume AND MTF confirmed
- Stronger probability setup
- Icon: 🚀⭐ (bullish) or 🔻⭐ (bearish)
Alert Information Includes:
- Alert quality rating
- Breakout level and current price
- Volume strength percentage (if enabled)
- MTF bias status (if enabled)
- Recommended action
One Alert Per Bar:
- Prevents alert spam
- Uses flag system to track sent alerts
- Resets on new ORB session
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HOW TO USE
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OPENING RANGE SETUP:
Basic Configuration:
1. Select time period for opening range (default: 15 minutes)
2. Choose fill color method (Breakout Direction recommended)
3. Enable historical data display if needed
Custom Range (Advanced):
1. Enable Custom Range toggle
2. Set specific session time (e.g., 0930-0945)
3. Select appropriate timezone
4. Useful for specific market opens (NYSE, LSE, etc.)
LIQUIDITY LEVELS SETUP:
Quick Configuration by Asset:
- Forex: Use default settings (Left=15, Right=5)
- Crypto: Set Left=12, Right=4, Display=7
- Gold: Set HTF=1D, Left=20
HTF Liquidity:
- Purpose: Major support/resistance levels
- Recommended: 4H for day trading, 1D for swing trading
- Use as profit targets or reversal zones
LTF Liquidity:
- Purpose: Entry/exit refinement
- Recommended: 1H for day trading, 4H for swing trading
- Use for position management
Mitigation Settings:
- Wick-based: More sensitive (default)
- Close-based: More conservative
- Remove or Show mitigated levels based on preference
TRADING SESSIONS SETUP:
Enable/Disable Sessions:
- Master toggle for all sessions
- Individual session controls
- Show/hide session names
Session High/Low Lines:
- Enable to see session extremes
- Each session has custom colors
- Useful for range trading
Customization:
- Adjust session times for your broker
- Set timezone to match your location
- Customize colors for visibility
VOLUME ANALYSIS SETUP:
Enable Volume Analysis:
1. Toggle on Volume Analysis
2. Set MA length (20 recommended)
3. Adjust spike multiplier (1.5 typical)
Usage:
- Confirm breakouts with volume
- Identify climactic moves
- Filter false signals
MULTI-TIMEFRAME SETUP:
HTF Selection:
- HTF 1 (Trend): 1H for day trading, 4H for swing
- HTF 2 (Bias): 4H for day trading, 1D for swing
Interpretation:
- Trade only with bias alignment
- Neutral bias: Be cautious
- Bias changes: Potential reversals
EMA SETUP:
Configuration:
- Period: 20 for responsive, 50 for smoother
- Color: Choose contrasting color
- Width: 1-2 for visibility
Usage:
- Filter trades: Long above, Short below
- Dynamic support/resistance reference
- Trend confirmation
ALERT SETUP:
TradingView Alert Creation:
1. Enable alerts in indicator settings
2. Enable ORB Breakout Alerts
3. Right-click chart → Add Alert
4. Select this indicator
5. Choose "Any alert() function call"
6. Configure delivery method (mobile, email, webhook)
Alert Filtering:
- All alerts include quality rating
- High Quality alerts = Volume + MTF confirmed
- Standard alerts = Basic breakout only
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TRADING STRATEGIES
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CLASSIC ORB STRATEGY:
Setup:
1. Wait for opening range to complete
2. Price breaks and closes above ORH or below ORL
3. Volume > average (if enabled)
4. MTF bias aligned (if enabled)
Entry:
- Bullish: Buy on break above ORH
- Bearish: Sell on break below ORL
- Consider retest entries for better risk/reward
Stop Loss:
- Bullish: Below ORL or range mid-point
- Bearish: Above ORH or range mid-point
- Adjust based on volatility
Targets:
- Initial: Range width extension (ORH + range width)
- Secondary: HTF liquidity levels
- Final: Session high/low or major support/resistance
ORB + LIQUIDITY CONFLUENCE:
Enhanced Setup:
1. Opening range established
2. HTF liquidity level near or beyond ORH/ORL
3. Breakout occurs with volume
4. Price targets the liquidity level
Entry:
- Enter on ORB breakout
- Target the HTF liquidity level
- Use LTF liquidity for position management
Management:
- Partial profits at ORB + range width
- Move stop to breakeven at LTF liquidity
- Final exit at HTF liquidity sweep
ORB REJECTION STRATEGY (Counter-Trend):
Setup:
1. Price breaks above ORH or below ORL
2. Weak volume (below average)
3. MTF bias opposite to breakout
4. Price closes back inside range
Entry:
- Failed bullish break: Short below ORH
- Failed bearish break: Long above ORL
Stop Loss:
- Beyond the failed breakout level
- Or beyond session extreme
Target:
- Opposite end of opening range
- Range mid-point for partial profit
SESSION-BASED ORB TRADING:
Tokyo Session:
- Typically narrower ranges
- Good for range trading
- Wait for London open breakout
London Session:
- Highest volume and volatility
- Strong ORB setups
- Major liquidity sweeps common
New York Session:
- Strong trending moves
- News-driven volatility
- Good for momentum trades
Sydney Session:
- Quieter conditions
- Suitable for range strategies
- Sets up Tokyo session
EMA-FILTERED ORB:
Rules:
- Only take bullish breaks if price > EMA
- Only take bearish breaks if price < EMA
- Ignore counter-trend breaks
Benefits:
- Reduces false signals
- Aligns with larger trend
- Improves win rate
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CONFIGURATION GUIDE
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OPENING RANGE SETTINGS:
Time Period:
- 15 min: Standard for most markets
- 30 min: Wider range, fewer breakouts
- 60 min: For slower markets or swing trades
Custom Range:
- Use for specific market opens
- NYSE: 0930-1000 EST
- LSE: 0800-0830 GMT
- Set timezone to match exchange
Historical Display:
- Enable: See all previous session data
- Disable: Cleaner chart, current session only
LIQUIDITY SETTINGS:
Left Bars (5-30):
- Lower: More frequent, sensitive levels
- Higher: Fewer, more significant levels
- Recommended: 15 for most markets
Right Bars (1-25):
- Confirmation period
- Higher: More reliable, less frequent
- Recommended: 5 for balance
Display Limit (1-20):
- Number of active levels shown
- Higher: More context, busier chart
- Recommended: 7 for clarity
Extension Options:
- Short: Levels visible near formation
- Current: Extended to current bar (recommended)
- Max: Extended indefinitely
VOLUME SETTINGS:
MA Length (5-50):
- Shorter: More responsive to spikes
- Longer: Smoother baseline
- Recommended: 20 for balance
Spike Multiplier (1.0-3.0):
- Lower: More sensitive spike detection
- Higher: Only extreme spikes
- Recommended: 1.5 for day trading
MULTI-TIMEFRAME SETTINGS:
HTF 1 (Trend):
- 5m chart: Use 15m or 1H
- 15m chart: Use 1H or 4H
- 1H chart: Use 4H or 1D
HTF 2 (Bias):
- One level higher than HTF 1
- Provides longer-term context
- Don't use same as HTF 1
EMA SETTINGS:
Length:
- 20: Responsive, more signals
- 50: Smoother, stronger filter
- 200: Long-term trend only
Style:
- Choose contrasting color
- Width 1-2 for visibility
- Match your trading style
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BEST PRACTICES
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Chart Timeframe Selection:
- ORB Trading: Use 5m or 15m charts
- Session Review: Use 1H or 4H charts
- Swing Trading: Use 1H or 4H charts
Quality Over Quantity:
- Wait for high-quality alerts (volume + MTF)
- Avoid trading every breakout
- Focus on confluence setups
Risk Management:
- Position size based on range width
- Wider ranges = smaller positions
- Use stop losses always
- Take partial profits at targets
Market Conditions:
- Best results in trending markets
- Reduce position size in choppy conditions
- Consider session overlaps for volatility
- Avoid trading near major news if inexperienced
Continuous Improvement:
- Track win rate by session
- Note which confluence factors work best
- Adjust settings based on market volatility
- Review performance weekly
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PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION
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This indicator is optimized with:
- max_bars_back declarations for efficient processing
- Conditional calculations based on enabled features
- Proper memory management for drawing objects
- Minimal recalculation on each bar
Best Practices:
- Disable unused features (sessions, MTF, volume)
- Limit historical display to reduce rendering
- Use appropriate timeframe for your strategy
- Clear old drawing objects periodically
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EDUCATIONAL DISCLAIMER
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This indicator combines established trading concepts:
- Opening Range Breakout theory (price action)
- Liquidity level detection (pivot analysis)
- Session-based trading (time-of-day patterns)
- Volume analysis (confirmation technique)
- Multi-timeframe analysis (trend alignment)
All calculations use standard technical analysis methods:
- Pivot high/low detection algorithms
- Moving averages for trend and volume
- Session time filtering
- Timeframe security functions
The indicator identifies potential trading setups but does not predict future price movements. Success requires proper application within a complete trading strategy including risk management, position sizing, and market context.
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USAGE DISCLAIMER
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This tool is for educational and analytical purposes. Opening Range Breakout trading involves substantial risk. The alert system and quality filters are designed to identify potential setups but do not guarantee profitability. Always conduct independent analysis, use proper risk management, and never risk capital you cannot afford to lose. Past performance does not indicate future results. Trading intraday breakouts requires experience and discipline.
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CREDITS & ATTRIBUTION
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ORIGINAL SOURCE:
This indicator builds upon concepts from LuxAlgo's-ORB
BossExoticMAs
A next-generation moving average and smoothing library by TheStopLossBoss, featuring premium adaptive, exotic, and DSP-inspired filters — optimized for Pine Script® v6 and designed for Traders who demand precision and beauty.
> BossExoticMAs is a complete moving average and signal-processing toolkit built for Pine Script v6.
It combines the essential trend filters (SMA, EMA, WMA, etc.) with advanced, high-performance exotic types used by quants, algo designers, and adaptive systems.
Each function is precision-tuned for stability, speed, and visual clarity — perfect for building custom baselines, volatility filters, dynamic ribbons, or hybrid signal engines.
Includes built-in color gradient theming powered by the exclusive BossGradient —
//Key Features
✅ Full Moving Average Set
SMA, EMA, ZEMA, WMA, HMA, WWMA, SMMA
DEMA, TEMA, T3 (Tillson)
ALMA, KAMA, LSMA
VMA, VAMA, FRAMA
✅ Signal Filters
One-Euro Filter (Crispin/Casiez implementation)
ATR-bounded Range Filter
✅ Color Engine
lerpColor() safe blending using color.from_gradient
Thematic gradient palettes: STOPLOSS, VAPORWAVE, ROYAL FLAME, MATRIX FLOW
Exclusive: BOSS GRADIENT
✅ Helper Functions
Clamping, normalization, slope detection, tick delta
Slope-based dynamic color control via slopeThemeColor()
🧠 Usage Example
//@version=6
indicator("Boss Exotic MA Demo", overlay=true)
import TheStopLossBoss/BossExoticMAs/1 as boss
len = input.int(50, "Length")
atype = input.string("T3", "MA Type", options= )
t3factor = input.float(0.7, "T3 β", step=0.05)
smoothColor = boss.slopeThemeColor(close, "BOSS GRADIENT", 0.001)ma = boss.maSelect(close, len, atype, t3factor, 0.85, 14)
plot(ma, "Boss Exotic MA", color=smoothColor, linewidth=2)
---
🔑 Notes
Built exclusively for Pine Script® v6
Library designed for import use — all exports are prefixed cleanly (boss.functionName())
Some functions maintain internal state (var-based). Warnings are safe to ignore — adaptive design choice.
Each MA output is non-repainting and mathematically stable.
---
📜 Author
TheStopLossBoss
Designer of precision trading systems and custom adaptive algorithms.
Follow for exclusive releases, educational material, and full-stack trend solutions.
movingaverage, trend, adaptive, filter, volatility, smoothing, quant, technicalanalysis, bossgradient, t3, alma, frama, vma
Double Weighted Moving Average (DWMA)# DWMA: Double Weighted Moving Average
## Overview and Purpose
The Double Weighted Moving Average (DWMA) is a technical indicator that applies weighted averaging twice in sequence to create a smoother signal with enhanced noise reduction. Developed in the late 1990s as an evolution of traditional weighted moving averages, the DWMA was created by quantitative analysts seeking enhanced smoothing without the excessive lag typically associated with longer period averages. By applying a weighted moving average calculation to the results of an initial weighted moving average, DWMA achieves more effective filtering while preserving important trend characteristics.
## Core Concepts
* **Cascaded filtering:** DWMA applies weighted averaging twice in sequence for enhanced smoothing and superior noise reduction
* **Linear weighting:** Uses progressively increasing weights for more recent data in both calculation passes
* **Market application:** Particularly effective for trend following strategies where noise reduction is prioritized over rapid signal response
* **Timeframe flexibility:** Works across multiple timeframes but particularly valuable on daily and weekly charts for identifying significant trends
The core innovation of DWMA is its two-stage approach that creates more effective noise filtering while minimizing the additional lag typically associated with longer-period or higher-order filters. This sequential processing creates a more refined output that balances noise reduction and signal preservation better than simply increasing the length of a standard weighted moving average.
## Common Settings and Parameters
| Parameter | Default | Function | When to Adjust |
|-----------|---------|----------|---------------|
| Length | 14 | Controls the lookback period for both WMA calculations | Increase for smoother signals in volatile markets, decrease for more responsiveness |
| Source | close | Price data used for calculation | Consider using hlc3 for a more balanced price representation |
**Pro Tip:** For trend following, use a length of 10-14 with DWMA instead of a single WMA with double the period - this provides better smoothing with less lag than simply increasing the period of a standard WMA.
## Calculation and Mathematical Foundation
**Simplified explanation:**
DWMA first calculates a weighted moving average where recent prices have more importance than older prices. Then, it applies the same weighted calculation again to the results of the first calculation, creating a smoother line that reduces market noise more effectively.
**Technical formula:**
```
DWMA is calculated by applying WMA twice:
1. First WMA calculation:
WMA₁ = (P₁ × w₁ + P₂ × w₂ + ... + Pₙ × wₙ) / (w₁ + w₂ + ... + wₙ)
2. Second WMA calculation applied to WMA₁:
DWMA = (WMA₁₁ × w₁ + WMA₁₂ × w₂ + ... + WMA₁ₙ × wₙ) / (w₁ + w₂ + ... + wₙ)
```
Where:
- Linear weights: most recent value has weight = n, second most recent has weight = n-1, etc.
- n is the period length
- Sum of weights = n(n+1)/2
**O(1) Optimization - Inline Dual WMA Architecture:**
This implementation uses an advanced O(1) algorithm with two complete inline WMA calculations. Each WMA uses the dual running sums technique:
1. **First WMA (source → wma1)**:
- Maintains buffer1, sum1, weighted_sum1
- Recurrence: `W₁_new = W₁_old - S₁_old + (n × P_new)`
- Cached denominator norm1 after warmup
2. **Second WMA (wma1 → dwma)**:
- Maintains buffer2, sum2, weighted_sum2
- Recurrence: `W₂_new = W₂_old - S₂_old + (n × WMA₁_new)`
- Cached denominator norm2 after warmup
**Implementation details:**
- Both WMAs fully integrated inline (no helper functions)
- Each maintains independent state: buffers, sums, counters, norms
- Both warm up independently from bar 1
- Performance: ~16 operations per bar regardless of period (vs ~10,000 for naive O(n²) implementation)
**Why inline architecture:**
Unlike helper functions, the inline approach makes all state variables and calculations visible in a single scope, eliminating function call overhead and making the dual-pass nature explicit. This is ideal for educational purposes and when debugging complex cascaded filters.
> 🔍 **Technical Note:** The dual-pass O(1) approach creates a filter that effectively increases smoothing without the quadratic increase in computational cost. Original O(n²) implementations required ~10,000 operations for period=100; this optimized version requires only ~16 operations, achieving a 625x speedup while maintaining exact mathematical equivalence.
## Interpretation Details
DWMA can be used in various trading strategies:
* **Trend identification:** The direction of DWMA indicates the prevailing trend
* **Signal generation:** Crossovers between price and DWMA generate trade signals, though they occur later than with single WMA
* **Support/resistance levels:** DWMA can act as dynamic support during uptrends and resistance during downtrends
* **Trend strength assessment:** Distance between price and DWMA can indicate trend strength
* **Noise filtering:** Using DWMA to filter noisy price data before applying other indicators
## Limitations and Considerations
* **Market conditions:** Less effective in choppy, sideways markets where its lag becomes a disadvantage
* **Lag factor:** More lag than single WMA due to double calculation process
* **Initialization requirement:** Requires more data points for full calculation, showing more NA values at chart start
* **Short-term trading:** May miss short-term trading opportunities due to increased smoothing
* **Complementary tools:** Best used with momentum oscillators or volume indicators for confirmation
## References
* Jurik, M. "Double Weighted Moving Averages: Theory and Applications in Algorithmic Trading Systems", Jurik Research Papers, 2004
* Ehlers, J.F. "Cycle Analytics for Traders," Wiley, 2013
