COIN/BTC Volume-Weighted DivergenceThe COIN/BTC Volume-Weighted Divergence indicator identifies buy and sell signals by analyzing deviations between Coinbase and Bitcoin prices relative to their respective VWAPs (Volume-Weighted Average Price). This method isolates points of potential trend reversals, overextensions, or relative mispricing based on volume-adjusted price benchmarks.
The indicator leverages Coinbase’s high beta relative to Bitcoin in bull markets. A buy signal occurs when Coinbase is below VWAP (indicating undervaluation) while Bitcoin is above VWAP (signaling strong broader momentum). A sell signal is generated when Coinbase trades above VWAP (indicating overvaluation) while Bitcoin moves below VWAP (indicating weakening momentum).
This divergence logic enables traders to identify misalignment between Bitcoin-driven market trends and Coinbase’s price behavior. The indicator effectively identifies undervalued entry points and signals exits before speculative extensions are correct. It provides a systematic approach to trading during trending conditions, aligning decisions with volume-weighted price dynamics and inter-asset relationships.
How It Works
1. VWAP:
“fair value” benchmark combining price and volume.
• Above VWAP: Bullish momentum.
• Below VWAP: Bearish momentum.
2. Divergence:
• Coinbase Divergence: close - coin_vwap (distance from COIN’s VWAP).
• Bitcoin Divergence: btc_price - btc_vwap (distance from BTC’s VWAP).
3. Signals:
• Buy: Coinbase is below VWAP (potentially oversold), and Bitcoin is above VWAP (broader bullish trend).
• Sell: Coinbase is above VWAP (potentially overbought), and Bitcoin is below VWAP (broader bearish trend).
4. Visualization:
• Green triangle: Buy signal.
• Red triangle: Sell signal.
Strengths
• Combines price and volume for reliable insights.
• Highlights potential trend reversals or overextensions.
• Exploits correlations between Coinbase and Bitcoin.
Limitations
• Struggles in sideways markets.
• Sensitive to volume spikes, which may distort VWAP.
• Ineffective in strong trends where divergence persists.
Improvements
1. Z-Scores: Use statistical thresholds (e.g., ±2 std dev) for stronger signals.
2. Volume Filter: Generate signals only during high-volume periods.
3. Momentum Confirmation: Combine with RSI or MACD for better reliability.
4. Multi-Timeframe VWAP: Use intraday, daily, and weekly VWAPs for deeper analysis.
Complementary Tools
• Momentum Indicators: RSI, MACD for trend validation.
• Volume-Based Metrics: OBV, cumulative delta volume.
• Support/Resistance Levels: Enhance reversal accuracy.
Cerca negli script per "bitcoin"
Master Litecoin Network Value Model BandThe "Master Litecoin Network Value Model Band" is a TradingView Pine Script indicator designed to analyze and visualize Litecoin's valuation dynamics in comparison to Bitcoin, leveraging a range of on-chain and market metrics. The script creates bands to highlight overvalued or undervalued conditions for Litecoin relative to multiple network and market factors.
Key Features:
Data Integration:
Incorporates on-chain data such as total addresses, new addresses, active addresses, transactions, volume, hodlers, and block sizes for both Litecoin and Bitcoin.
Uses market metrics like price, supply, and retail involvement to model Litecoin's network value.
Value Models:
Constructs individual models based on specific metrics (e.g., new addresses, transaction volume, median volume) to evaluate Litecoin's network valuation against Bitcoin.
Normalizes these models by adjusting for relative supply and Bitcoin's USD price.
Average and Median Models:
Calculates an Average Value Model by combining multiple metric-based models.
Provides a smoothed Median Value Model for more stable trends over time.
Dynamic Bands:
Identifies the maximum and minimum values among the various models to establish upper and lower bands for Litecoin's valuation.
Compares Litecoin's USD price to these bands, categorizing it as overvalued (above the upper band), undervalued (below the lower band), or fairly valued (within the bands).
Visual Representation:
Plots the upper and lower bounds (maxValue and minValue) along with Litecoin's price (ltcusd).
Highlights price movements with color-coded fills:
White fill: Litecoin price exceeds the maximum band.
Blue fill: Litecoin price is between the maximum and minimum bands.
Black fill: Litecoin price falls below the minimum band.
Purpose:
This indicator provides traders and analysts with a comprehensive tool to:
Assess Litecoin's market position relative to its network fundamentals.
Identify potential buy or sell zones based on deviation from fair valuation bands.
Track Litecoin's value trends in relation to Bitcoin as a benchmark.
Implied Leverage Ratio Between Current Symbol and BTCThis script calculates and visualizes the implied leverage ratio between the current symbol and Bitcoin (BTC). The implied leverage ratio is computed by comparing the cumulative price changes of the two symbols over a defined number of candles. The results provide insights into how the current symbol performs relative to BTC in terms of bullish (upward) and bearish (downward) movements.
Features
Cumulative Up and Down Ratios:
The script calculates the cumulative price increase (up) and decrease (down) ratios for both the current symbol and BTC. These ratios are based on the percentage changes relative to each candle's opening price.
Implied Leverage Ratio:
For bullish movements, the cumulative up ratio of the current symbol is divided by BTC's cumulative up ratio.
For bearish movements, the cumulative down ratio of the current symbol is divided by BTC's cumulative down ratio.
These values reflect the implied leverage of the current symbol relative to BTC in both directions.
Customizable Comparison Symbol:
By default, the script compares the current symbol to BINANCE:BTCUSDT. However, you can specify any other symbol to tailor the analysis.
Interactive Visualization:
Green Line: Represents the ratio of cumulative up movements (current symbol vs. BTC).
Red Line: Represents the ratio of cumulative down movements (current symbol vs. BTC).
A horizontal zero line is included for reference, ensuring the chart always starts from zero.
How to Use
Add this script to your chart from the Pine Editor or the public library.
Customize the number of candles (t) to define the period over which cumulative changes are calculated.
If desired, replace the comparison symbol with another asset in the input settings.
Analyze the green and red lines to identify relative strength and implied leverage trends.
Who Can Benefit
Traders and Analysts: Gain insights into the relative performance of altcoins, stocks, or other instruments against BTC.
Leverage Seekers: Identify assets with higher or lower implied leverage compared to Bitcoin.
Market Comparisons: Understand how various assets react to market movements relative to BTC.
This tool is particularly useful for identifying potential outperformers or underperformers relative to Bitcoin and can guide strategic decisions in trading pairs or market analysis.
Master Litecoin Market Cap Network Value ModelMaster Litecoin Market Cap Network Value Model
This indicator visualizes Litecoin's network fundamentals compared to Bitcoin, developed by @masterbtcltc. By analyzing various on-chain metrics and market data, this script helps users evaluate Litecoin’s intrinsic value relative to Bitcoin.
Key Features:
Network Metrics:
NewAddressValueModel: Tracks the ratio of new addresses in Litecoin compared to Bitcoin.
TotalAddressValueModel: Compares total addresses across the two networks.
Transaction & Volume Metrics:
TXValueModel: Compares transaction activity.
VolumeValueModel and VolumeUSDValueModel: Analyzes transaction volumes in native units and USD.
Usage & Adoption:
ActiveValueModel: Tracks the ratio of active addresses between Litecoin and Bitcoin.
RetailValueModel: Measures retail adoption strength in the Litecoin network.
Blockchain & Holder Data:
BlockValueModel: Compares block sizes.
NonZeroModel: Evaluates addresses with non-zero balances.
HodlerModel: Compares long-term holders between Litecoin and Bitcoin.
Averaged Insights:
AverageValueModel: Aggregates all metrics for a complete view of network valuation.
Visual Design:
Blue Themed Metrics: Network value models are displayed in a uniform blue color with a line thickness of 4 and 25% transparency for clarity.
Distinct Price Plot: Litecoin’s price is plotted in yellow, with a thin line (width 2) and no transparency, keeping it visually separate.
Use Cases:
Ideal for traders, investors, and enthusiasts aiming to:
Identify Litecoin’s market trends.
Detect periods of undervaluation or overvaluation.
Gain deeper insights into Litecoin’s network fundamentals.
Important Instruction: To ensure accurate results, plot this indicator on VANTAGE:LTCUSD * GLASSNODE:LTC_SUPPLY. This ensures alignment with the data sources and guarantees the script performs as intended.
Feel free to explore, use, and share this open-source script to better understand Litecoin’s value potential!
AI x Meme Impulse Tracker [QuantraSystems]AI x Meme Impulse Tracker
Quantra Systems guarantees that the information created and published within this document and on the Tradingview platform is fully compliant with applicable regulations, does not constitute investment advice, and is not exclusively intended for qualified investors.
Important Note!
The system equity curve presented here has been generated as part of the process of testing and verifying the methodology behind this script.
Crucially, it was developed after the system was conceptualized, designed, and created, which helps to mitigate the risk of overfitting to historical data. In other words, the system was built for robustness, not for simply optimizing past performance.
This ensures that the system is less likely to degrade in performance over time, compared to hyper-optimized systems that are tailored to past data. No tweaks or optimizations were made to this system post-backtest.
Even More Important Note!!
The nature of markets is that they change quickly and unpredictably. Past performance does not guarantee future results - this is a fundamental rule in trading and investing.
While this system is designed with broad, flexible conditions to adapt quickly to a range of market environments, it is essential to understand that no assumptions should be made about future returns based on historical data. Markets are inherently uncertain, and this system - like all trading systems - cannot predict future outcomes.
Introduction
The AI x Meme Impulse Tracker is a cutting-edge, fast-acting rotational algorithm designed to capitalize on the strength of assets within pre-selected categories. Using a custom function built on top of the RSI Pulsar, the system measures momentum through impulses rather than traditional trend following methods. This allows for swifter reallocations based on short bursts of strength.
This system focuses on precision and agility - making it highly adaptable in volatile markets. The strategy is built around three independent asset categories - with allocations only made to the strongest asset in each - ensuring that capital movement (in particular between blockchains) is kept to a minimum for efficiency purposes while maintaining exposure to the highest performing tokens.
Legend
Token Inputs:
The Impulse Tracker is designed with dynamic asset selection - allowing traders to customize the inputs for each category. This feature enables flexible system management, as the number of active tokens within each category can be adjusted at any time. Whether the user chooses the default of 13 tokens per category, or fewer, the system will automatically recalibrate. This ensures that all calculations, from relative strength to individual performance assessments, adjust as required. Disabled tokens are treated by the system as if they don’t exist - seamlessly updating performance metrics and the Impulse Tracker’s allocation behavior to maintain the highest level of efficiency and accuracy.
System Equity Curve:
The Impulse Tracker plots both the rotational system’s equity and the Buy-and-Hold (or ‘HODL’) benchmark of Bitcoin for comparison. While the HODL approach allocates the entire portfolio to Bitcoin and functions as an index to compare to, the Impulse Tracker dynamically allocates based on strength impulses within the chosen tokens and categories. The system equity curve is representative of adding an equal capital split between the strongest assets of each category. The relative strength system does handle ‘ties’ of strength - in this situation multiple tokens from a single category can be included in the final equity curve, with the allocated weight to that category split between the tied assets.
TABLES:
Equity Stats:
This table is held in Quantra System's typical UI design language. It offers a comprehensive snapshot of the system’s performance, with key metrics organized to help traders quickly assess both short-term and cumulative results. The left side provides details on individual asset performance, while the right side presents a comparison of the system’s risk-adjusted metrics against a simple BTC Hodl strategy.
The leftmost column of the Equity Stats table showcases performance indicators for the system’s current allocations. This provides quick identification of the current strongest tokens, based on confirmed and non-repainting data as soon as the current opens and the last bar closes.
The right-hand side compares the performance differences between the system and Hodl profits, both on a cumulative basis and analyzing only the previous bar. The total number of position changes is also tracked in this table - an important metric when calculating total slippage and should be used to determine how ‘hands-on’ the strategy will be on the current timeframe.
The lower part of the table highlights a direct comparison of the AI x Memes Impulse strategy with buy-and-hold Bitcoin. The risk adjusted performance ratios, Sharpe, Sortino and Omega, are shown side by side, as well as the maximum drawdown experienced by both strategies within the set testing window.
Screener Table:
This table provides a detailed breakdown of the performance for each asset that has been the strongest in its category at some point and thus received an allocation. The table tracks several key metrics for each asset - including returns, volatility, Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Omega ratio, and maximum drawdown. It also displays the signals for both current and previous periods, as well as the assets weight in the theoretical portfolio. Assets that have never received a signal are also included, giving traders an overview of which assets have contributed to the portfolio's performance and which have not played a role so far.
The position changes cell also offers important insights, as it shows the frequency of not just total position changes, but also rebalancing events.
Detailed Slippage Table:
The Detailed Slippage Table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the calculated slippage and fees incurred throughout the strategy’s operations. It contains several key metrics that give traders a granular view of the costs associated with executing the system:
Selected Slippage - Displays the current slippage rate, as defined in the input menu.
Removal Slippage - This accounts for any slippage or fees incurred when removing an allocation from a token.
Reallocation Slippage - Tracks the slippage or fees when reallocating capital to existing positions.
Addition Slippage - Measures the slippage or fees incurred when allocating capital to new tokens.
Final Slippage - Is the sum of all the individual slippage points and provides a quick view of the total slippage accounted for by the system.
The table is also divided into two columns:
Last Transaction Slippage + Fees - Displays any slippage or fees incurred based on position changes within the current bar.
Total Slippage + Fees - Shows the cumulative slippage and fees incurred since the portfolio’s selected start date.
Visual Customization:
Several customizable features are included within the input menu to enhance user experience. These include custom color palettes, both preloaded and user-selectable. This allows traders to personalize the visual appearance of the tables, ensuring clarity and consistency with their preferred interface themes and background coloring.
Additionally, users can adjust both the position and sizes of all the tables - enabling complete tailoring to the trader’s layout and specific viewing preferences and screen configurations. This level of customization ensures a more intuitive and flexible interaction with the system’s data.
Core Features and Methodologies
Advanced Risk Management - A Unique Filtering Approach:
The Equity Curve Activation Filter introduces an innovative way to dynamically manage capital allocation, aligning with periods of market trend strength. This filter is rooted in the understanding that markets move cyclically - altering between periods trending and mean-reverting periods. This cycle is especially pronounced in the crypto markets, where strong uptrends are often followed by prolonged periods of sideways movements or corrections as participants take profits and momentum fades.
The Cyclical Nature of Markets and Trend Following:
Financial markets do not trend indefinitely. Each uptrend or downtrend, whether over high and low timeframes, tends to culminate in a phase where momentum exhausts - leading to the sideways or corrective phases. This cycle results from the natural dynamics of market participants: during extended trends, more participants jump in, riding the momentum until profit taking causes the trend to slow down or reverse. This cyclical behavior occurs across all timeframes and in all markets - making it essential to adapt trading strategies in attempt to minimize losses during less favorable conditions.
In a trend following system, profitability often mirrors this cyclical pattern. Trend following strategies thrive when markets are moving directionally, capturing gains as price moves with strength in a single direction. However in phases where the market chops sideways, trend following strategies will usually experience drawdowns and reduced returns due to the impersistent nature of any trends. This fluctuation in trend following profitability can actually serve as one of the best coincident indicators of broader market regime change - when profitability begins to fade, it often signals a transition to drawn out unfavorable trend trading conditions.
The Equity Curve as a Market Signal
Within the Impulse Tracker, a continuous equity curve is calculated based upon the system's allocation to the strongest tokens. This equity curve effectively tracks the system’s performance under all market conditions. However, instead of solely relying on the direct performance of the selected tokens, the system applies additional filters to analyze the trend strength of this equity curve itself.
In the same way you only want to purchase an asset that is moving up in price, you only want to allocate capital to a strategy whose equity curve is trending upwards!
The Equity Curve Activation Filter consistently monitors the trend of this equity curve through various filter indicators, such as the “Wave Pendulum Trend”, the “Quasar QSM” and the “MAQSM” (an aggregate of multiple types of averages). These filters help determine whether the equity curve is trending upwards, signaling a favorable period for trend following. When the equity curve is in a positive trend, capital is allocated to the system as normal - allowing it to capture gains during favorable market conditions, Conversely, when the trend weakens and the equity curves begins to stagnate or decline, the activation filter shifts the system into a “cash” positions - temporarily halting allocations in order to prevent market exposure during choppy or mean reverting phases.
Timing Allocation With Market Conditions
This unique filtering approach ensures that the system is primarily active during periods when market trends are most supportive. By aligning capital allocations with the uptrend in trend following profitability, the system is designed to enter during periods of strong momentum and move to cash when momentum with the equity curve wanes. This approach reduces the risk of overtrading in less favorable conditions and preserves capital for the next favorable trend.
In essence the Equity Curve Allocation Filter serves as a dynamic risk management layer that leverages the cyclicality of trend following profitability in order to navigate shifting market phases.
Sensitivity and Signal Responsiveness:
The Quasar Sensitivity Setting allows users to fine-tune the system’s responsiveness to asset signals. High sensitivity settings lead to quicker position changes, making the system highly reactive to short term strength impulses. This is especially useful in fast moving markets where token strength can shift rapidly. The Sensitive setting might be more applicable to higher volatility or lower market cap assets - as the increased volatility increases the necessity of faster position cutting in order to front run the crowd. Of course - a balanced approach is ideal, as if the signals are too fast there will be too many whips and false signals. (And extra fees + slippage!)
The benefit of this script is because of the advanced slippage calculations, false signals are sufficiently punished (unlike systems without fees or slippage) - so it will become immediately apparent if the false signals have a significantly detrimental impact on the system’s equity curve.
Asset specific signals within each category are re-evaluated after the close of each bar to ensure that capital is always allocated to the highest performing asset. If a token’s momentum begins to fade the system swiftly reallocates to the next strongest asset within that category.
Category Filter - Allocates only to the Strongest Asset per group
One of the core innovations of the AI x Meme Impulse Tracker is the customizable Category Filter, which ensures that only the strongest-performing asset within each predefined group receives capital allocation. This approach not only increases the precision of asset selection but also allows traders to tailor the system to specific token narratives or categories. Sectors can include trending themes such as high-attention meme tokens, AI-driven tokens, or even categorize assets by blockchain ecosystems like Ethereum, Solana, or Base chain. This flexibility enables users to align their strategies with the latest market narratives or to optimize for specific groups, focusing on high-beta tokens within well defined sectors for a more targeted exposure. By keeping the focus on category leaders, the system avoids diluting its impact across underperforming assets, thereby maximizing capital efficiency and reducing unnecessary trading costs.
Dynamic Asset Reallocation:
Dynamic reallocation ensures that the system remains nimble and adapts to changing market conditions. Unlike slower systems, the Quasar method continually monitors for changes in asset strength and reallocates capital accordingly - ensuring that the system is always positioned in the highest performing assets within each category.
Position Changes and Slippage:
The Impulse Tracker places a strong emphasis on realistic simulation, prioritizing accuracy over inflated backtest results. This approach ensures that slippage is accounted for in a more aggressive manner than what may be experienced in real-world execution.
Each position change within the system - whether it’s buying, selling, reallocating, or rebalancing between assets - incurs slippage. Slippage is applied to both ends of every transaction: when a position is entered and exited, and when reallocating capital from one token to another. This dynamic behavior is further enhanced by a customizable slippage/fees input, allowing users to simulate realistic transaction costs based on their own market conditions and execution behaviors.
The slippage model works by applying a weighted slippage to the equity curve, taking into account the actual amount of capital being moved. Slippage is not applied in a blanket manner but rather in proportion to the allocation changes. For example, if the system reallocates from a single 100% position to two 50% allocations, slippage will be applied to the 50% removed from the first asset and the 50% added to the new asset, resulting in a 1x slippage multiplier.
This process becomes more granular when multiple assets are involved. For instance, if reallocating from two 50% positions to three 33% positions, slippage will be incurred on each of the changes, but at a reduced rate (⅔ x slippage), reflecting the smaller percentage of portfolio equity being moved. The slippage model accounts for all types of allocation shifts, whether increasing or decreasing the number of tokens held, providing a realistic assessment of system costs.
Here are some detailed examples to illustrate how slippage is calculated based on different scenarios:
100% → 50% / 50%: 1x slippage applied to both position changes (2 allocation changes).
50% / 50% → 33% / 33% / 33%: ⅔ x slippage multiplier applied across 3 allocation changes.
33% / 33% / 33% → 100%: 4/3 x slippage multiplier applied across 3 allocation changes.
In practice, not every position change will be rebalanced perfectly, leading to a lower number of transactions and lower costs in practice. Additionally, with the use of limit orders, a trader can easily reduce the costs of entering a position, as well as ensuring a competitive entry price.
By simulating slippage in this granular manner, the system captures the absolute maximum level of fees and slippage, in order to ensure that backtest results lean towards an underrepresentation - opposed to inflated results compared with practical execution.
A Special Note on Slippage
In the image above, the system has been applied to four different timeframes - 20h, 15h, 10h, and 5h - using identical settings and a selected slippage amount of 2%. By isolating a recent trend leg, we can illustrate an important concept: while the 15h timeframe is more profitable than the 20h timeframe, this difference stems from a core trading principle. Lower timeframes typically provide more data points and allow for quicker entries and exits in a robust system. This often results in reduced downside and compounding of gains.
However, slippage, fees, and execution constraints are limiting factors, especially in volatile, low-cap cryptocurrencies. Although lower timeframes can improve performance by increasing trade frequency, each trade incurs heavy slippage costs that accumulate - impacting the portfolio’s capital at a compounding rate. In this example, the chosen slippage rate of 2% per trade is designed to reflect the realistic trading costs, emphasizing how lower timeframe trading comes at the cost of increased slippage and fees
Finding the optimal balance between timeframe and slippage impact requires careful consideration of factors such as portfolio size, liquidity of selected tokens, execution speed, and the fee rate of the exchange you execute trades on.
Equity Curve and Performance Calculations
To provide a benchmark, the script also generates a Buy-and-Hold (or "HODL") equity curve that represents a complete allocation to Bitcoin. This allows users to easily compare the performance of the dynamic rotation system with that more traditional benchmark strategy.
The script tracks key performance metrics for both the dynamic portfolio and the HODL strategy, including:
Sharpe Ratio
The Sharpe Ratio is a key metric that evaluates a portfolio’s risk-adjusted return by comparing its ‘excess’ return to its volatility. Traditionally, the Sharpe Ratio measures returns relative to a risk-free rate. However, in our system’s calculation, we omit the risk-free rate and instead measure returns above a benchmark of 0%. This adjustment provides a more universal comparison, especially in the context of highly volatile assets like cryptocurrencies, where a traditional risk-free benchmark, such as the usual 3-month T-bills, is often irrelevant or too distant from the realities of the crypto market.
By using 0% as the baseline, we focus purely on the strategy's ability to generate raw returns in the face of market risk, which makes it easier to compare performance across different strategies or asset classes. In an environment like cryptocurrency, where volatility can be extreme, the importance of relative return against a highly volatile backdrop outweighs comparisons to a risk-free rate that bears little resemblance to the risk profile of digital assets.
Sortino Ratio
The Sortino Ratio improves upon the Sharpe Ratio by specifically targeting downside risk and leaves the upside potential untouched. In contrast to the Sharpe Ratio (which penalizes both upside and downside volatility), the Sortino Ratio focuses only on negative return deviations. This makes it a more suitable metric for evaluating strategies like the AI x Meme Impulse Tracker - that aim to minimize drawdowns without restricting upside capture. By measuring returns relative to a 0% baseline, the Sortino ratio provides a clearer assessment of how well the system generates gains while avoiding substantial losses in highly volatile markets like crypto.
Omega Ratio
The Omega Ratio is calculated as the ratio of gains to losses across all return thresholds, providing a more complete view of how the system balances upside and downside risk even compared to the Sortino Ratio. While it achieves a similar outcome to the Sortino Ratio by emphasizing the system's ability to capture gains while limiting losses, it is technically a mathematically superior method. However, we include both the Omega and Sortino ratios in our metric table, as the Sortino Ratio remains more widely recognized and commonly understood by traders and investors of all levels.
Usage Summary:
While the backtests in this description are generated as if a trader held a portfolio of just the strongest tokens, this was mainly designed as a method of logical verification and not a recommended investment strategy. In practice, this system can be used in multiple ways.
It can be used as above, or as a factor in forming part of a broader asset selection system, or even a method of filtering tokens by strength in order to inform a day trader which tokens might be optimal to look for long-only trading setups on an intrabar timeframe.
Final Summary:
The AI x Meme Impulse Tracker is a powerful algorithm that leverages a unique strength and impulse based approach to asset allocation within high beta token categories. Built with a robust risk management framework, the system’s Equity Curve Activation Filter dynamically manages capital exposure based on the cyclical nature of market trends, minimizing exposure during weaker phases.
With highly customizable settings, the Impulse Tracker enables precise capital allocation to only the strongest assets, informed by real-time metrics and rigorous slippage modeling in order to provide the best view of historical profitability. This adaptable design, coupled with advanced performance analytics, makes it a versatile tool for traders seeking an edge in fast moving and volatile crypto markets.
Bullrun Profit Maximizer [QuantraSystems]Bullrun Profit Maximizer
Quantra Systems guarantees that the information created and published within this document and on the Tradingview platform is fully compliant with applicable regulations, does not constitute investment advice, and is not exclusively intended for qualified investors.
Important Note!
The system equity curve presented here has been generated as part of the process of testing and verifying the methodology behind this script.
Crucially, it was developed after the system was conceptualized, designed, and created, which helps to mitigate the risk of overfitting to historical data. In other words, the system was built for robustness, not for simply optimizing past performance.
This ensures that the system is less likely to degrade in performance over time, compared to hyper optimized systems that are tailored to past data. No tweaks or optimizations were made to this system post backtest.
Even More Important Note!!
The nature of markets is that they change quickly and unpredictably. Past performance does not guarantee future results - this is a fundamental rule in trading and investing.
While this system is designed with broad, flexible conditions to adapt quickly to a range of market environments, it is essential to understand that no assumptions should be made about future returns based on historical data. Markets are inherently uncertain, and this system - like all trading systems - cannot predict future outcomes.
Introduction
The "Adaptive Pairwise Momentum System" is not a prototype to the Bullrun Profit Maximizer (BPM) . The Bullrun Profit Maximizer is a fully re-engineered, higher frequency momentum system.
The Bullrun Profit Maximizer (BPM) uses a completely different filter logic and refines momentum calculations, specifically to support higher frequency trading on Crypto's Blue Chip assets. It correctly calculates fees and slippage by compounding them against System Profit before plotting the equity curve.
Unlike prior systems, this script utilizes a completely new filter logic and refined momentum calculation, specifically built to support higher frequency trading on blue-chip assets, while minimizing the impact of fees and slippage.
While the APMS focuses on Macro Trend Alignment, the BPM instead applies an equity curve based filter, allowing for targeted precision on the current asset’s trend without relying on broader market conditions. This approach delivers more responsive and asset specific signals, enhancing agility in today’s fast paced crypto markets.
The BPM dynamically optimizes capital allocation across up to four high performing assets, ensuring that the portfolio adapts swiftly to changing market conditions. The system logic consists of sophisticated quantitative methods, rapid momentum analysis and alpha cyclicality/seasonality optimizations. The overarching goal is to ensure that the portfolio is always invested in the highest performing asset based on dynamic market conditions, while at the same time managing risk through rapid asset filters and internal mechanisms like alpha cyclicality, volatility and beta analysis.
In addition to these core functionalities, the BPM comes with the typical Quantra Systems UI design, structured to reduce data clutter and provide users with only the most essential, impactful information. The BPM UI format delivers clear and easy to read signals. It enables rapid decision making in a high frequency environment without compromising on depth or accuracy.
Bespoke Logic Filtering with Equity Curve Precision
The BPM script utilizes a completely new methodology and focuses on intraday rotations of blue-chip crypto assets, while previously built systems were designed with a longer term focus in mind.
In response to the need for more precise signal generation, the BPM replaces the previous macro trend filter with a new, highly specific equity curve activation filter. This unique logic filter is driven solely by the performance trends of the asset currently held by the system. By analyzing the equity curve directly, this system can make more targeted, timely allocations based on asset specific momentum, allowing for quick adjustments that are more relevant to the held asset rather than general market conditions.
The benefits of this new, unique approach are twofold: first, it avoids premature allocation shifts based on broader macro movements, and second, it enables the system to adapt dynamically to the performance of each asset individually. This asset specific filtering allows traders to capitalize on localized strength within individual blue-chip cryptoassets without being affected by lags in the overall market trend.
High Frequency Momentum Calculation for Enhanced Flexibility
The BPM incorporates a newly designed momentum calculation that increases its suitability across lower timeframes. This new momentum indicator captures and processes more data points within a shorter window than ever before, rather than extending bar intervals and potentially losing high frequency detail. This creates a smooth, data rich featureset that is especially suited for blue-chip assets, where liquidity reduces slippage and fees, making higher frequency trading viable.
By retaining more data, this system captures subtle shifts in momentum more effectively than traditional approaches, offering higher resolution insights. These modifications result in a system capable of generating highly responsive signals on faster timeframes, empowering traders to act quickly in volatile markets.
User Interface and Enhanced Readability
The BPM also features a reimagined, streamlined user interface, making it easier than ever to monitor essential signals at a glance. The new layout minimizes extraneous data points in the tables, leaving only the most actionable information for traders. This cleaner presentation is purpose built to help traders identify the strongest asset in real time, with clear, color coded signals to facilitate swift decision making in fast moving markets.
Equity Stats Table : Designed for clarity, the stats table focuses on the current allocation’s performance metrics, emphasizing the most critical metrics without unnecessary clutter.
Color Coded Highlights : The interface includes the option to highlight both the current top performing asset, and historical allocations - with indicators of momentum shifts and performance metrics readily accessible.
Clear Signals : Visual cues are presented in an enhanced way to improve readability, including simplified line coloring, and improve visualization of the outperforming assets in the allocation table.
Dynamic Asset Reallocation
The BPM dynamically allocates capital to the strongest performing asset in a selected pool. This system incorporates a re-engineered, pairwise momentum measurement designed to operate at higher frequencies. The system evaluates each asset against others in real time, ensuring only the highest momentum asset receives allocation. This approach keeps the portfolio positioned for maximum efficiency, with an updated weighting logic that favors assets showing both strength and sustainability.
Position Changes and Slippage Calculation
Position changes are optimized for faster reallocation, with realistic slippage and fee calculations factored into each trade. The system’s structure minimizes the impact of these costs on blue-chip assets, allowing for more active management on short timeframes without incurring significant drag on performance.
A Special Note on Fees + Slippage
In the image above, the system has been applied to four different timeframes - 12h, 8h, 4h and 1h - using identical settings and a selected slippage and fees amount of 0.2%. In this stress test, we isolate the choppy downwards period from the previous Bitcoin all time high - set in March 2024, to the current date where Bitcoin is currently sitting at around the same level.
This illustrates an important concept: starting at the 12h, the system performed better as the timeframes decreased. In fact, only on the 4hr chart did the system equity curve make a new all time high alongside Bitcoin. It is worth noting that market phases that are “non-trending” are generally the least profitable periods to use a momentum/trend system - as most systems will get caught by false momentum and will “buy the top,” and then proceed to “sell the bottom.”
Lower timeframes typically offer more data points for the algorithm to compute over, and enable quicker entries and exits within a robust system, often reducing downside risk and compounding gains more effectively - in all market environments.
However, slippage, fees, and execution constraints are still limiting factors. Although blue-chip cryptocurrencies are more liquid and can be traded with lower fees compared to low cap assets, frequent trading on lower timeframes incurs cumulative slippage costs. With the BPM system set to a realistic slippage rate of 0.2% per trade, this example emphasizes how even lower fees impact performance as trade frequency increases.
Finding the optimal balance between timeframe and slippage impact requires careful consideration of factors such as portfolio size, liquidity of selected tokens, execution speed, and the fee rate of the exchange you execute trades on.
Number of Position Changes
Understanding the number of position changes in a strategy is critical to assessing its feasibility in real world trading. Frequent position changes can lead to increased costs due to slippage and fees. Monitoring the number of position changes provides insight into the system’s behavior - helping to evaluate how active the strategy is and whether it aligns with the trader's desired time input for position management.
Equity Curve and Performance Calculations
To provide a benchmark, the script also generates a Buy-and-Hold (or "HODL") equity curve that represents a 100% allocation to Bitcoin, the highest market cap cryptoasset. This allows users to easily compare the performance of the dynamic rotation system with that of a more traditional investment strategy.
The script tracks key performance metrics for both the dynamic portfolio and the HODL strategy, including:
Sharpe Ratio
The Sharpe Ratio is a key metric that evaluates a portfolio’s risk adjusted return by comparing its ‘excess’ return to its volatility. Traditionally, the Sharpe Ratio measures returns relative to a risk-free rate. However, in our system’s calculation, we omit the risk-free rate and instead measure returns above a benchmark of 0%. This adjustment provides a more universal comparison, especially in the context of highly volatile assets like cryptocurrencies, where a traditional risk-free benchmark, such as the usual 3-month T-bills, is often irrelevant or too distant from the realities of the crypto market.
By using 0% as the baseline, we focus purely on the strategy's ability to generate raw returns in the face of market risk, which makes it easier to compare performance across different strategies or asset classes. In an environment like cryptocurrency, where volatility can be extreme, the importance of relative return against a highly volatile backdrop outweighs comparisons to a risk-free rate that bears little resemblance to the risk profile of digital assets.
Sortino Ratio
The Sortino Ratio improves upon the Sharpe Ratio by specifically targeting downside risk and leaves the upside potential untouched. In contrast to the Sharpe Ratio (which penalizes both upside and downside volatility), the Sortino Ratio focuses only on negative return deviations. This makes it a more suitable metric for evaluating strategies like the Bullrun Profit Maximizer - that aim to minimize drawdowns without restricting upside capture. By measuring returns relative to a 0% baseline, the Sortino ratio provides a clearer assessment of how well the system generates gains while avoiding substantial losses in highly volatile markets like crypto.
Omega Ratio
The Omega Ratio is calculated as the ratio of gains to losses across all return thresholds, providing a more complete view of how the system balances upside and downside risk even compared to the Sortino Ratio. While it achieves a similar outcome to the Sortino Ratio by emphasizing the system's ability to capture gains while limiting losses, it is technically a mathematically superior method. However, we include both the Omega and Sortino ratios in our metric table, as the Sortino Ratio remains more widely recognized and commonly understood by traders and investors of all levels.
Usage Summary:
While the backtests in this description are generated as if a trader held a portfolio of just the strongest tokens, this was mainly designed as a method of logical verification and not a recommended investment strategy. In practice, this system can be used in multiple ways.
It can be used as above, or as a factor in forming part of a broader asset selection tool, or even a method of filtering tokens by strength in order to inform a day trader which tokens might be optimal to look at, for long-only trading setups on an intrabar timeframe.
Summary
The Bullrun Profit Maximizer is an advanced tool tailored for traders, offering the precision and agility required in today’s markets. With its asset specific equity curve filter, reworked momentum analysis, and streamlined user interface, this system is engineered to maximize gains and minimize risk during bullmarkets, with a strong focus on risk adjusted performance.
Its refined approach, focused on high resolution data processing and adaptive reallocation, makes it a powerful choice for traders looking to capture high quality trends on clue-chip assets, no matter the market’s pace.
Trend Strength Momentum Indicator (TSMI)Introducing the Trend Strength Momentum Indicator (TSMI)
With over two decades of experience, I've found that no single indicator can consistently predict market movements. The key lies in combining multiple indicators to capture different market dimensions—trend, momentum, and volume. With this in mind, I present the Trend Strength Momentum Indicator (TSMI), a comprehensive tool designed to spot emerging uptrends and downtrends in cryptocurrency and other asset markets.
1. Overview of TSMI
The TSMI amalgamates three critical market aspects:
Trend Direction and Strength: Utilizing Moving Averages (MA) and the Average Directional Index (ADX).
Momentum: Incorporating the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) and the Relative Strength Index (RSI).
Volume Confirmation: Employing the On-Balance Volume (OBV) indicator.
By combining these elements, TSMI aims to provide a robust signal that not only indicates the direction of the trend but also confirms its strength and sustainability through momentum and volume analysis.
2. Components and Calculations
A. Trend Component
Exponential Moving Averages (EMA):
50-day EMA: Captures the short to medium-term trend.
200-day EMA: Reflects the long-term trend.
Average Directional Index (ADX):
Measures the strength of the trend regardless of its direction.
A value above 25 indicates a strong trend, while below 20 suggests a weak or non-trending market.
B. Momentum Component
Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD):
Calculated by subtracting the 26-day EMA from the 12-day EMA.
The MACD line crossing above the signal line (9-day EMA of MACD) indicates bullish momentum; crossing below suggests bearish momentum.
Relative Strength Index (RSI):
Oscillates between 0 and 100.
Readings above 70 indicate overbought conditions; below 30 suggest oversold conditions.
C. Volume Component
On-Balance Volume (OBV):
Cumulatively adds volume on up days and subtracts volume on down days.
A rising OBV alongside rising prices confirms an uptrend; divergence may signal a reversal.
3. TSMI Calculation Steps
Step 1: Trend Analysis
EMA Crossover:
Identify if the 50-day EMA crosses above the 200-day EMA (Golden Cross), indicating a potential uptrend.
Conversely, if the 50-day EMA crosses below the 200-day EMA (Death Cross), it may signal a downtrend.
ADX Confirmation:
Confirm the strength of the trend. An ADX value above 25 supports the EMA crossover signal.
Step 2: Momentum Assessment
MACD Evaluation:
Look for MACD crossing above its signal line for bullish momentum or below for bearish momentum.
RSI Check:
Ensure RSI is not in overbought (>70) or oversold (<30) territory to avoid potential reversals against the trend.
Step 3: Volume Verification
OBV Direction:
Confirm that OBV is moving in the same direction as the price trend.
Rising OBV with rising prices strengthens the bullish signal; falling OBV with falling prices strengthens the bearish signal.
Step 4: Composite Signal Generation
Bullish Signal:
50-day EMA crosses above 200-day EMA (Golden Cross).
ADX above 25, indicating a strong trend.
MACD crosses above its signal line.
RSI is between 30 and 70, avoiding overbought conditions.
OBV is rising.
Bearish Signal:
50-day EMA crosses below 200-day EMA (Death Cross).
ADX above 25.
MACD crosses below its signal line.
RSI is between 30 and 70, avoiding oversold conditions.
OBV is falling.
4. How to Use the TSMI
A. Entry Points
Buying into an Uptrend:
Wait for the bullish signal criteria to align.
Enter the position after the 50-day EMA crosses above the 200-day EMA, supported by positive momentum (MACD and RSI) and volume (OBV).
Selling or Shorting into a Downtrend:
Look for the bearish signal criteria.
Initiate the position after the 50-day EMA crosses below the 200-day EMA, with confirming momentum and volume indicators.
B. Exit Strategies
Protecting Profits:
Monitor RSI for overbought or oversold conditions, which may indicate potential reversals.
Watch for MACD divergences or crossovers against your position.
Use trailing stops based on the ATR (Average True Range) to allow profits to run while protecting against sharp reversals.
C. Risk Management
Position Sizing:
Use the ADX value to adjust position sizes. A stronger trend (higher ADX) may justify a larger position, whereas a weaker trend suggests caution.
Avoiding False Signals:
Be cautious during sideways markets where EMAs may whipsaw.
Confirm signals with multiple indicators before acting.
5. Examples
Example 1: Spotting an Emerging Uptrend in Bitcoin
Date: Let's assume on March 1st.
Observations:
EMA Crossover: The 50-day EMA crosses above the 200-day EMA.
ADX: Reading is 28, indicating a strong trend.
MACD: Crosses above the signal line and moves into positive territory.
RSI: Reading is 55, comfortably away from overbought levels.
OBV: Shows a rising trend, confirming increasing buying pressure.
Action:
Enter a long position in Bitcoin.
Set a stop-loss below recent swing lows.
Outcome:
Over the next few weeks, Bitcoin's price continues to rise, validating the TSMI signal.
Example 2: Identifying a Downtrend in Ethereum
Date: Let's assume on July 15th.
Observations:
EMA Crossover: The 50-day EMA crosses below the 200-day EMA.
ADX: Reading is 30, confirming a strong trend.
MACD: Crosses below the signal line into negative territory.
RSI: Reading is 45, not yet oversold.
OBV: Declining, indicating selling pressure.
Action:
Initiate a short position or exit long positions in Ethereum.
Place a stop-loss above recent resistance levels.
Outcome:
Ethereum's price declines over the following weeks, confirming the downtrend.
6. When to Use the TSMI
Trending Markets: TSMI is most effective in markets exhibiting clear trends, whether bullish or bearish.
Avoiding Sideways Markets: In range-bound markets, EMAs and momentum indicators may provide false signals. ADX readings below 20 suggest it's best to stay on the sidelines.
Volatile Assets: Particularly useful in cryptocurrency markets, which are known for their volatility and extended trends.
7. Limitations and Considerations
Lagging Indicators: Moving averages and ADX are lagging by nature. Rapid reversals may not be immediately captured.
False Signals: No indicator is foolproof. Always confirm signals with multiple components of TSMI.
Market Conditions: External factors like news events can significantly impact prices. Consider combining TSMI with fundamental analysis.
8. Enhancing TSMI
Customization: Adjust EMA periods (e.g., 20-day and 100-day) based on the asset's volatility and your trading timeframe.
Additional Indicators: Incorporate Bollinger Bands to gauge volatility or Fibonacci retracement levels to identify potential support and resistance.
Conclusion
The Trend Strength Momentum Indicator (TSMI) offers a holistic approach to spotting emerging trends by combining trend direction, momentum, and volume. By synthesizing the strengths of various traditional indicators while mitigating their individual limitations, TSMI provides traders with a powerful tool to navigate the complex landscape of cryptocurrency and other asset markets.
Key Benefits of TSMI:
Comprehensive Analysis: Integrates multiple market dimensions for well-rounded insights.
Early Trend Identification: Aims to spot trends early for optimal entry points.
Risk Management: Helps in making informed decisions, thereby reducing exposure to false signals.
By applying TSMI diligently and complementing it with sound risk management practices, traders can enhance their ability to capitalize on market trends and improve their overall trading performance.
Altcoins vs BTC Market Cap HeatmapAltcoins vs BTC Market Cap Heatmap
"Ground control to major Tom" 🌙 👨🚀 🚀
This indicator provides a visual heatmap for tracking the relationship between the market cap of altcoins (TOTAL3) and Bitcoin (BTC). The primary goal is to identify potential market cycle tops and bottoms by analyzing how the TOTAL3 market cap (all cryptocurrencies excluding Bitcoin and Ethereum) compares to Bitcoin’s market cap.
Key Features:
• Market Cap Ratio: Plots the ratio of TOTAL3 to BTC market caps to give a clear visual representation of altcoin strength versus Bitcoin.
• Heatmap: Colors the background red when altcoins are overheating (TOTAL3 market cap equals or exceeds BTC) and blue when altcoins are cooling (TOTAL3 market cap is half or less than BTC).
• Threshold Levels: Includes horizontal lines at 1 (Overheated), 0.75 (Median), and 0.5 (Cooling) for easy reference.
• Alerts: Set alert conditions for when the ratio crosses key levels (1.0, 0.75, and 0.5), enabling timely notifications for potential market shifts.
How It Works:
• Overheated (Ratio ≥ 1): Indicates that the altcoin market cap is on par or larger than Bitcoin's, which could signal a top in the cycle.
• Cooling (Ratio < 0.5): Suggests that the altcoin market cap is half or less than Bitcoin's, potentially signaling a market bottom or cooling phase.
• Median (Ratio ≈ 0.75): A midpoint that provides insight into the market's neutral zone.
Use this tool to monitor market extremes and adjust your strategy accordingly when the altcoin market enters overheated or cooling phases.
The Adaptive Pairwise Momentum System [QuantraSystems]The Adaptive Pairwise Momentum System
QuantraSystems guarantees that the information created and published within this document and on the Tradingview platform is fully compliant with applicable regulations, does not constitute investment advice, and is not exclusively intended for qualified investors.
Important Note!
The system equity curve presented here has been generated as part of the process of testing and verifying the methodology behind this script.
Crucially, it was developed after the system was conceptualized, designed, and created, which helps to mitigate the risk of overfitting to historical data. In other words, the system was built for robustness, not for simply optimizing past performance.
This ensures that the system is less likely to degrade in performance over time, compared to hyper-optimized systems that are tailored to past data. No tweaks or optimizations were made to this system post-backtest.
Even More Important Note!!
The nature of markets is that they change quickly and unpredictably. Past performance does not guarantee future results - this is a fundamental rule in trading and investing.
While this system is designed with broad, flexible conditions to adapt quickly to a range of market environments, it is essential to understand that no assumptions should be made about future returns based on historical data. Markets are inherently uncertain, and this system - like all trading systems - cannot predict future outcomes.
Introduction
The Adaptive Pairwise Momentum System is not just an indicator but a comprehensive asset rotation and trend-following system. In short, it aims to find the highest performing asset from the provided range.
The system dynamically optimizes capital allocation across up to four high-performing assets, ensuring that the portfolio adapts swiftly to changing market conditions. The system logic consists of sophisticated quantitative methods, rapid momentum analysis, and robust trend filtering. The overarching goal is to ensure that the portfolio is always invested in the highest-performing asset based on dynamic market conditions, while at the same time managing risk through broader market filters and internal mechanisms like volatility and beta analysis.
Legend
System Equity Curve:
The equity curve displayed in the chart is dynamically colored based on the asset allocation at any given time. This color-coded approach allows traders to immediately identify transitions between assets and the corresponding impact on portfolio performance.
Highlighting of Current Highest Performer:
The current bar in the chart is highlighted based on the confirmed highest performing asset. This is designed to give traders advanced notice of potential shifts in allocation even before a formal position change occurs. The highlighting enables traders to prepare in real time, making it easier to manage positions without lag, particularly in fast-moving markets.
Highlighted Symbols in the Asset Table:
In the table displayed on the right hand side of the screen, the current top-performing symbol is highlighted. This clear signal at a glance provides immediate insight into which asset is currently being favored by the system. This feature enhances clarity and helps traders make informed decisions quickly, without needing to analyze the underlying data manually.
Performance Overview in Tables:
The left table provides insight into both daily and overall system performance from inception, offering traders a detailed view of short-term fluctuations and long-term growth. The right-hand table breaks down essential metrics such as Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Omega ratio, and maximum drawdown for each asset, as well as for the overall system and HODL strategy.
Asset-Specific Signals:
The signals column in the table indicates whether an asset is currently held or being considered for holding based on the system's dynamic rankings. This is a critical visual aid for asset reallocation decisions, signaling when it may be appropriate to either maintain or change the asset of the portfolio.
Core Features and Methodologies
Flexibility in Asset Selection
One of the major advantages of this system is its flexibility. Users can easily modify the number and type of assets included for comparison. You can quickly input different assets and backtest their performance, allowing you to verify how well this system might fit different tokens or market conditions. This flexibility empowers users to adapt the system to a wide range of market environments and tailor it to their unique preferences.
Whole System Risk Mitigation - Macro Trend Filter
One of the features of this script is its integration of a Macro-level Trend Filter for the entire portfolio. The purpose of this filter is to ensure no capital is allocated to any token in the rotation system unless Bitcoin itself is in a positive trend. The logic here is that Bitcoin, as the cryptocurrency market leader, often sets the tone for the entire cryptocurrency market. By using Bitcoins trend direction as a barometer for overall market conditions, we create a system where capital is not allocated during unfavorable or bearish market conditions - significantly reducing exposure to downside risk.
Users have the ability to toggle this filter on and off in the input menu, with five customizable options for the trend filter, including the option to use no filter. These options are:
Nova QSM - a trend aggregate combining the Rolling VWAP, Wave Pendulum Trend, KRO Overlay, and the Pulse Profiler provides the market trend signal confirmation.
Kilonova QSM - a versatile aggregate combining the Rolling VWAP, KRO Overlay, the KRO Base, RSI Volatility Bands, NNTRSI, Regression Smoothed RSI and the RoC Suite.
Quasar QSM - an enhanced version of the original RSI Pulsar. The Quasar QSM refines the trend following approach by utilizing an aggregated methodology.
Pairwise Momentum and Strength Ranking
The backbone of this system is its ability to identify the strongest-performing asset in the selected pool, ensuring that the portfolio is always exposed to the asset showing the highest relative momentum. The system continually ranks these assets against each other and determines the highest performer by measure of past and coincident outperformance. This process occurs rapidly, allowing for swift responses to shifts in market momentum, which ensures capital is always working in the most efficient manner. The speed and precision of this reallocation strategy make the script particularly well-suited for active, momentum-driven portfolios.
Beta-Adjusted Asset Selection as a Tiebreaker
In the circumstance where two (or more) assets exhibit the same relative momentum score, the system introduces another layer of analysis. In the event of a strength ‘tie’ the system will preference maintaining the current position - that is, if the previously strongest asset is now tied, the system will still allocate to the same asset. If this is not the case, the asset with the higher beta is selected. Beta is a measure of an asset’s volatility relative to Bitcoin (BTC).
This ensures that in bullish conditions, the system favors assets with a higher potential for outsized gains due to their inherent volatility. Beta is calculated based on the Average Daily Return of each asset compared to BTC. By doing this, the system ensures that it is dynamically adjusting to risk and reward, allocating to assets with higher risk in favorable conditions and lower risk in less favorable conditions.
Dynamic Asset Reallocation - Opposed to Multi-Asset Fixed Intervals
One of the standout features of this system is its ability to dynamically reallocate capital. Unlike traditional portfolio allocation strategies that may rebalance between a basket of assets monthly or quarterly, this system recalculates and reallocates capital on the next bar close (if required). As soon as a new asset exhibits superior performance relative to others, the system immediately adjusts, closing the previous position and reallocating funds to the top-ranked asset.
This approach is particularly powerful in volatile markets like cryptocurrencies, where trends can shift quickly. By reallocating swiftly, the system maximizes exposure to high-performing assets while minimizing time spent in underperforming ones. Moreover, this process is entirely automated, freeing the trader from manually tracking and measuring individual token strength.
Our research has demonstrated that, from a risk-adjusted return perspective, concentration into the top-performing asset consistently outperforms broad diversification across longer time horizons. By focusing capital on the highest-performing asset, the system captures outsized returns that are not achievable through traditional diversification. However, a more risk-averse investor, or one seeking to reduce drawdowns, may prefer to move the portfolio further left along the theoretical Capital Allocation Line by incorporating a blend of cash, treasury bonds, or other yield-generating assets or even include market neutral strategies alongside the rotation system. This hybrid approach would effectively lower the overall volatility of the portfolio while still maintaining exposure to the system’s outsized returns. In theory, such an investor can reduce risk without sacrificing too much potential upside, creating a more balanced risk-return profile.
Position Changes and Fees/Slippage
Another critical and often overlooked element of this system is its ability to account for fees and slippage. Given the increased speed and frequency of allocation logic compared to the buy-and-hold strategy, it is of vital importance that the system recognises that switching between assets may incur slippage, especially in highly volatile markets. To account for this, the system integrates realistic slippage and fee estimates directly into the equity curve, simulating expected execution costs under typical market conditions and gives users a more realistic view of expected performance.
Number of Position Changes
Understanding the number of position changes in a strategy is critical to assessing its feasibility in real world trading. Frequent position changes can lead to increased costs due to slippage and fees. Monitoring the number of position changes provides insight into the system’s behavior - helping to evaluate how active the strategy is and whether it aligns with the trader's desired time input for position management.
Equity Curve and Performance Calculations
To provide a benchmark, the script also generates a Buy-and-Hold (or "HODL") equity curve that represents an equal split across the four selected assets. This allows users to easily compare the performance of the dynamic rotation system with that of a more traditional investment strategy.
The script tracks key performance metrics for both the dynamic portfolio and the HODL strategy, including:
Sharpe Ratio
The Sharpe Ratio is a key metric that evaluates a portfolio’s risk-adjusted return by comparing its ‘excess’ return to its volatility. Traditionally, the Sharpe Ratio measures returns relative to a risk-free rate. However, in our system’s calculation, we omit the risk-free rate and instead measure returns above a benchmark of 0%. This adjustment provides a more universal comparison, especially in the context of highly volatile assets like cryptocurrencies, where a traditional risk-free benchmark, such as the usual 3-month T-bills, is often irrelevant or too distant from the realities of the crypto market.
By using 0% as the baseline, we focus purely on the strategy's ability to generate raw returns in the face of market risk, which makes it easier to compare performance across different strategies or asset classes. In an environment like cryptocurrency, where volatility can be extreme, the importance of relative return against a highly volatile backdrop outweighs comparisons to a risk-free rate that bears little resemblance to the risk profile of digital assets.
Sortino Ratio
The Sortino Ratio improves upon the Sharpe Ratio by specifically targeting downside risk and leaves the upside potential untouched. In contrast to the Sharpe Ratio (which penalizes both upside and downside volatility), the Sortino Ratio focuses only on negative return deviations. This makes it a more suitable metric for evaluating strategies like the Adaptive Pairwise Momentum Strategy - that aim to minimize drawdowns without restricting upside capture. By measuring returns relative to a 0% baseline, the Sortino ratio provides a clearer assessment of how well the system generates gains while avoiding substantial losses in highly volatile markets like crypto.
Omega Ratio
The Omega Ratio is calculated as the ratio of gains to losses across all return thresholds, providing a more complete view of how the system balances upside and downside risk even compared to the Sortino Ratio. While it achieves a similar outcome to the Sortino Ratio by emphasizing the system's ability to capture gains while limiting losses, it is technically a mathematically superior method. However, we include both the Omega and Sortino ratios in our metric table, as the Sortino Ratio remains more widely recognized and commonly understood by traders and investors of all levels.
Case Study
Notes
For the sake of brevity, the Important Notes section found in the header of this text will not be rewritten. Instead, it will be highlighted that now is the perfect time to reread these notes. Reading this case study in the context of what has been mentioned above is of key importance.
As a second note, it is worth mentioning that certain market periods are referred to as either “Bull” or “Bear” markets - terms I personally find to be vague and undefinable - and therefore unfavorable. They will be used nevertheless, due to their familiarity and ease of understanding in this context. Substitute phrases could be “Macro Uptrend” or “Macro Downtrend.”
Overview
This case study provides an in-depth performance analysis of the Adaptive Pairwise Momentum System , a long-only system that dynamically allocates to outperforming assets and moves into cash during unfavorable conditions.
This backtest includes realistic assumptions for slippage and fees, applying a 0.5% cost for every position change, which includes both asset reallocation and moving to a cash position. Additionally, the system was tested using the top four cryptocurrencies by market capitalization as of the test start date of 01/01/2022 in order to minimize selection bias.
The top tokens on this date (excluding Stablecoins) were:
Bitcoin
Ethereum
Solana
BNB
This decision was made in order to avoid cherry picking assets that might have exhibited exceptional historical performance - minimizing skew in the back test. Furthermore, although this backtest focuses on these specific assets, the system is built to be flexible and adaptable, capable of being applied to a wide range of assets beyond those initially tested.
Any potential lookahead bias or repainting in the calculations has been addressed by implementing the lookback modifier for all repainting sensitive data, including asset ratios, asset scoring, and beta values. This ensures that no future information is inadvertently used in the asset allocation process.
Additionally, a fixed lookback period of one bar is used for the trend filter during allocations - meaning that the trend filter from the prior bar must be positive for an allocation to occur on the current bar. It is also important to note that all the data displayed by the indicator is based on the last confirmed (closed) bar, ensuring that the entire system is repaint-proof.
The study spans the 2022 cryptocurrency bear market through the subsequent bull market of 2023 and 2024. The stress test highlights how the system reacted to one of the most challenging market downturns in crypto history - which includes events such as:
Luna and TerraUSD crash
Three Arrows Capital liquidation
Celsius bankruptcy
Voyager Digital bankruptcy
FTX collapse
Silicon Valley + Signature + Silvergate banking collapses
Subsequent USDC deppegging
And arguably more important, 2022 was characterized by a tightening of monetary policy after the unprecedented monetary easing in response to the Covid pandemic of 2020/2021. This shift undeniably puts downward pressure on asset prices, most probably to the extent that this had a causal role to many of the above events.
By incorporating these real-world challenges, the backtest provides a more accurate and robust performance evaluation that avoids overfitting or excessive optimization for one specific market condition.
The Bear Market of 2022: Stress Test and System Resilience
During the 2022 bear market, where the overall crypto market experienced deep and consistent corrections, the Adaptive Pairwise Momentum System demonstrated its ability to mitigate downside risk effectively.
Dynamic Allocation and Cash Exposure:
The system rotated in and out of cash, as indicated by the gray period on the system equity curve. This allocation to cash during downtrending periods, specifically in late 2022, acted as the systems ‘risk-off’ exposure - the purest form of such an exposure. This prevented the system from experiencing the magnitude of drawdown suffered by the ‘Buy-and-Hold (HODL) investors.
In contrast, a passive HODL strategy would have suffered a staggering 75.32% drawdown, as it remained fully allocated to chosen assets during the market's decline. The active Pairwise Momentum system’s smaller drawdown of 54.35% demonstrates its more effective capital preservation mechanisms.
The Bull Market of 2023 and 2024: Capturing Market Upside
Following the crypto bear market, the system effectively capitalized on the recovery and subsequent bull market of 2023 and 2024.
Maximizing Market Gains:
As trends began turning bullish in early 2023, the system caught the momentum and promptly allocated capital to only the quantified highest performing asset of the time - resulting in a parabolic rise in the system's equity curve. Notably, the curve transitions from gray to purple during this period, indicating that Solana (SOL) was the top-performing asset selected by the system.
This allocation to Solana is particularly striking because, at the time, it was an asset many in the market shunned due to its association with the FTX collapse just months prior. However, this highlights a key advantage of quantitative systems like the one presented here: decisions are driven purely from objective data - free from emotional or subjective biases. Unlike human traders, who are inclined (whether consciously or subconsciously) to avoid assets that are ‘out of favor,’ this system focuses purely on price performance, often uncovering opportunities that are overlooked by discretionary based investors. This ability to make data-driven decisions ensures that the strategy is always positioned to capture the best risk-adjusted returns, even in scenarios where judgment might fail.
Minimizing Volatility and Drawdown in Uptrends
While the system captured substantial returns during the bull market it also did so with lower volatility compared to HODL. The sharpe ratio of 4.05 (versus HODL’s 3.31) reflects the system's superior risk-adjusted performance. The allocation shifts, combined with tactical periods of cash holding during minor corrections, ensured a smoother equity curve growth compared to the buy-and-hold approach.
Final Summary
The percentage returns are mentioned last for a reason - it is important to emphasize that risk-adjusted performance is paramount. In this backtest, the Pairwise Momentum system consistently outperforms due to its ability to dynamically manage risk (as seen in the superior Sharpe, Sortino and Omega ratios). With a smaller drawdown of 54.35% compared to HODL’s 75.32%, the system demonstrates its resilience during market downturns, while also capturing the highest beta on the upside during bullish phases.
The system delivered 266.26% return since the backtest start date of January 1st 2022, compared to HODL’s 10.24%, resulting in a performance delta of 256.02%
While this backtest goes some of the way to verifying the system’s feasibility, it’s important to note that past performance is not indicative of future results - especially in volatile and evolving markets like cryptocurrencies. Market behavior can shift, and in particular, if the market experiences prolonged sideways action, trend following systems such as the Adaptive Pairwise Momentum Strategy WILL face significant challenges.
SOL & BTC EMA with BTC/SOL Price Difference % and BTC Dom EMAThis script is designed to provide traders with a comprehensive analysis of Solana (SOL) and Bitcoin (BTC) by incorporating Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) and price difference percentages. It also includes the BTC Dominance EMA to offer insights into the overall market dominance of Bitcoin.
Features:
SOL EMA: Plots the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) for Solana (SOL) based on a customizable period length.
BTC EMA: Plots the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) for Bitcoin (BTC) based on a customizable period length.
BTC Dominance EMA: Plots the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) for BTC Dominance, which helps in understanding Bitcoin's market share relative to other cryptocurrencies.
BTC/SOL Price Difference %: Calculates and plots the percentage difference between BTC and SOL prices, adjusted for their respective EMAs. This helps in identifying relative strength or weakness between the two assets.
Background Highlight: Colors the background to visually indicate whether the BTC/SOL price difference percentage is positive (green) or negative (red), aiding in quick decision-making.
Inputs:
SOL Ticker: Symbol for Solana (default: BINANCE
).
BTC Ticker: Symbol for Bitcoin (default: BINANCE
).
BTC Dominance Ticker: Symbol for Bitcoin Dominance (default: CRYPTOCAP
.D).
EMA Length: The length of the EMA (default: 20 periods).
Usage:
This script is intended for traders looking to analyze the relationship between SOL and BTC, using EMAs to smooth out price data and highlight trends. The BTC/SOL price difference percentage can help traders identify potential trading opportunities based on the relative movements of SOL and BTC.
Note: Leverage trading involves significant risk and may not be suitable for all investors. Ensure you have a good understanding of the market conditions and employ proper risk management techniques.
BTC x M2 Divergence (Weekly)### Why the "M2 Money Supply vs BTC Divergence with Normalized RSI" Indicator Should Work
IMPORTANT
- Weekly only indicator
- Combine it with BTC Halving Cycle Profit for better results
The "M2 Money Supply vs BTC Divergence with Normalized RSI" indicator leverages the relationship between macroeconomic factors (M2 money supply) and Bitcoin price movements, combined with technical analysis tools like RSI, to provide actionable trading signals. Here's a detailed rationale on why this indicator should be effective:
1. **Macroeconomic Influence**:
- **M2 Money Supply**: Represents the total money supply, including cash, checking deposits, and easily convertible near money. Changes in M2 reflect liquidity in the economy, which can influence asset prices, including Bitcoin.
- **Bitcoin Sensitivity to Liquidity**: Bitcoin, being a digital asset, often reacts to changes in liquidity conditions. An increase in money supply can lead to higher asset prices as more money chases fewer assets, while a decrease can signal tightening conditions and lower prices.
2. **Divergence Analysis**:
- **Economic Divergence**: The indicator calculates the divergence between the percentage changes in M2 and Bitcoin prices. This divergence can highlight discrepancies between Bitcoin's price movements and broader economic conditions.
- **Market Inefficiencies**: Large divergences may indicate inefficiencies or imbalances that could lead to price corrections or trends. For example, if M2 is increasing (indicating more liquidity) but Bitcoin is not rising proportionately, it might suggest a potential upward correction in Bitcoin's price.
3. **Normalization and Smoothing**:
- **Normalized Divergence**: Normalizing the divergence to a consistent scale (-100 to 100) allows for easier comparison and interpretation over time, making the signals more robust.
- **Smoothing with EMA**: Applying Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) to the normalized divergence helps to reduce noise and identify the underlying trend more clearly. This double-smoothed divergence provides a clearer signal by filtering out short-term volatility.
4. **RSI Integration**:
- **RSI as a Momentum Indicator**: RSI measures the speed and change of price movements, indicating overbought or oversold conditions. Normalizing the RSI and incorporating it into the divergence analysis helps to confirm the strength of the signals.
- **Combining Divergence with RSI**: By using RSI in conjunction with divergence, the indicator gains an additional layer of confirmation. For instance, a bullish divergence combined with an oversold RSI can be a strong buy signal.
5. **Dynamic Zones and Sensitivity**:
- **Good DCA Zones**: Highlighting zones where the divergence is significantly positive (good DCA zones) indicates periods where Bitcoin might be undervalued relative to economic conditions, suggesting good buying opportunities.
- **Red Zones**: Marking zones with extremely negative divergence, combined with RSI confirmation, identifies potential market tops or bearish conditions. This helps traders avoid buying into overbought markets or consider selling.
- **Peak Detection**: The sensitivity setting for detecting upside down peaks allows for early identification of potential market bottoms, providing timely entry points for traders.
6. **Visual Cues and Alerts**:
- **Clear Visualization**: The plots and background colors provide immediate visual feedback, making it easier for traders to spot significant conditions without deep analysis.
- **Alerts**: Built-in alerts for key conditions (good DCA zones, red zones, sell signals) ensure traders can act promptly based on the indicator's signals, enhancing the practicality of the tool.
### Conclusion
The "M2 Money Supply vs BTC Divergence with Normalized RSI" indicator integrates macroeconomic data with technical analysis to offer a comprehensive view of Bitcoin's market conditions. By analyzing the divergence between M2 money supply and Bitcoin prices, normalizing and smoothing the data, and incorporating RSI for momentum confirmation, the indicator provides robust signals for identifying potential buying and selling opportunities. This holistic approach increases the likelihood of capturing significant market movements and making informed trading decisions.
RvB ( relative strength vs BTC ) Overview
The "Coin vs BTC" indicator is designed to compare the performance of a selected cryptocurrency against Bitcoin (BTC) using Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs). By plotting the difference in EMA values as a percentage, this indicator helps traders visualize the relative strength of a cryptocurrency compared to Bitcoin over specified periods.
How It Works
EMA Calculation: The indicator calculates two EMAs (lengths specified by the user) for both the selected cryptocurrency and Bitcoin (BTC).
Length 1: Fast EMA (default: 9)
Length 2: Slow EMA (default: 21)
Score Calculation:
For both the selected coin and Bitcoin, it computes a score representing the percentage difference between the fast and slow EMAs relative to the previous closing price. This is done using the following steps:
Calculate the difference between the fast and slow EMAs.
Compute the percentage of this difference relative to the previous closing price.
Round the percentage to two decimal places for clarity.
Plotting: The scores for both the selected cryptocurrency and Bitcoin are plotted on the same chart:
Coin Score: Displayed in blue.
BTC Score: Displayed in orange.
Potential Uses
Relative Strength Analysis:
This indicator helps traders compare the strength of a cryptocurrency against Bitcoin. A higher score for the selected coin compared to Bitcoin indicates it is performing better relative to its moving averages.
Trend Confirmation:
By observing the EMA differences, traders can confirm trends and potential reversals. Consistently higher scores may indicate a strong upward trend, while lower scores could suggest a weakening trend.
Market Comparison:
This tool is particularly useful for those looking to understand how their selected cryptocurrency is performing in the broader market context, especially in relation to Bitcoin, which is often considered a market benchmark.
panpanXBT BTC Risk Metric OscillatorThis is the Bitcoin Risk Metric. Inspired by many power law analysts, this script assigns a risk value to the price of Bitcoin. The model uses regression of 'fair value' data to assign risk values and residual analysis to account for diminishing returns as time goes on. This indicator is for long-term investors looking to maximise their returns by highlighting periods of under and overvaluation for Bitcoin.
This is a companion script for panpanXBT BTC Risk Metric . Use this indicator in tandem to achieve the view shown in the chart above.
Please note, this indicator will only work on BTCUSD charts but will work on any timeframe.
DISCLAIMER: The product on offer presents a novel way to view the price history of Bitcoin. It should not be relied upon solely to inform financial decisions. What you do with the information is entirely up to you. Please thoroughly consider your decisions and consult many different sources to make sure you're making the most well-informed decision.
### How to Interpret
The risk scale goes from 0 to 100,
Blue - 0 being low risk, and
Red - 100 being high risk.
Low risk values represent periods of historical undervaluation, while high values represent overvaluation. These periods are marked by a colourscale from blue to red.
### Use Cases and Best Practice
A dynamic DCA strategy would work best with this indicator, whereby an amount of capital is deployed/retired on a regular basis. This amount deployed grows or shrinks depending on the proximity of the risk level to the extremes (0 and 100).
Let's say you have a maximum of $500 to deploy per month.
When risk is between 0 and 10, you could deploy the full $500.
When risk is between 10 and 20, you could deploy $400.
When risk is between 20 and 30, you could deploy $300.
When risk is between 30 and 40, you could deploy $200.
When risk is between 40 and 50, you could deploy $100.
Conversely, when risk is above 50, you could:
Sell 1/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 50 and 60.
Sell 2/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 60 and 70.
Sell 3/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 70 and 80.
Sell 4/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 80 and 90.
Sell 5/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 90 and 100.
This framework allows the user to accumulate during periods of undervaluation and derisk during periods of overvaluation, capturing returns in the process.
In contrast, simply setting limit orders at 0 and 100 would yield the absolute maximum returns, however there is no guarantee price will reach these levels (see 2018 where the bear market bottomed out at 20 risk, or 2021 where price topped out at 97 risk).
### Caveats
"All models are wrong, some are useful"
No model is perfect. No model can predict exactly what price will do as there are too many factors at play that determine the outcome. We use models as a guide to make better-informed decisions, as opposed to shooting in the dark. This model is not a get rich quick scheme, but rather a tool to help inform decisions should you consider investing. This model serves to highlight price extremities, which could present opportune times to invest.
### Conclusion
This indicator aims to highlight periods of extreme values for Bitcoin, which may provide an edge in the market for long-term investors.
Thank you for your interest in this indicator. If you have any questions, recommendations or feedback, please leave a comment or drop me a message on TV or twitter. I aim to be as transparent as possible with this project, so please seek clarification if you are unsure about anything.
panpanXBT BTC Risk MetricThis is the Bitcoin Risk Metric. Inspired by many power law analysts, this script assigns a risk value to the price of Bitcoin. The model uses regression of 'fair value' data to assign risk values and residual analysis to account for diminishing returns as time goes on. This indicator is for long-term investors looking to maximise their returns by highlighting periods of under and overvaluation for Bitcoin.
This is a companion script for panpanXBT BTC Risk Metric Oscillator . Use this indicator in tandem to achieve the view shown in the chart above.
Please note, this indicator will only work on BTCUSD charts but will work on any timeframe.
DISCLAIMER: The product on offer presents a novel way to view the price history of Bitcoin. It should not be relied upon solely to inform financial decisions. What you do with the information is entirely up to you. Please thoroughly consider your decisions and consult many different sources to make sure you're making the most well-informed decision.
### How to Interpret
The risk scale goes from 0 to 100,
Blue - 0 being low risk, and
Red - 100 being high risk.
Low risk values represent periods of historical undervaluation, while high values represent overvaluation. These periods are marked by a colourscale from blue to red.
### Use Cases and Best Practice
A dynamic DCA strategy would work best with this indicator, whereby an amount of capital is deployed/retired on a regular basis. This amount deployed grows or shrinks depending on the proximity of the risk level to the extremes (0 and 100).
Let's say you have a maximum of $500 to deploy per month.
When risk is between 0 and 10, you could deploy the full $500.
When risk is between 10 and 20, you could deploy $400.
When risk is between 20 and 30, you could deploy $300.
When risk is between 30 and 40, you could deploy $200.
When risk is between 40 and 50, you could deploy $100.
Conversely, when risk is above 50, you could:
Sell 1/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 50 and 60.
Sell 2/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 60 and 70.
Sell 3/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 70 and 80.
Sell 4/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 80 and 90.
Sell 5/15th of your BTC stack when risk is between 90 and 100.
This framework allows the user to accumulate during periods of undervaluation and derisk during periods of overvaluation, capturing returns in the process.
In contrast, simply setting limit orders at 0 and 100 would yield the absolute maximum returns, however there is no guarantee price will reach these levels (see 2018 where the bear market bottomed out at 20 risk, or 2021 where price topped out at 97 risk).
### Caveats
"All models are wrong, some are useful"
No model is perfect. No model can predict exactly what price will do as there are too many factors at play that determine the outcome. We use models as a guide to make better-informed decisions, as opposed to shooting in the dark. This model is not a get rich quick scheme, but rather a tool to help inform decisions should you consider investing. This model serves to highlight price extremities, which could present opportune times to invest.
### Conclusion
This indicator aims to highlight periods of extreme values for Bitcoin, which may provide an edge in the market for long-term investors.
Thank you for your interest in this indicator. If you have any questions, recommendations or feedback, please leave a comment or drop me a message on TV or twitter. I aim to be as transparent as possible with this project, so please seek clarification if you are unsure about anything.
ALT to BTC EvaluationThis custom TradingView indicator, titled "Price Relative to BTC Index", allows users to visualize the price of any selected asset relative to Bitcoin. It achieves this by comparing the closing price of the current ticker to the closing price of Bitcoin as measured by a prominent BTC index. The resulting relative price is then plotted on the chart, providing a clear and direct visual representation of how the asset is performing in comparison to Bitcoin. The plot is displayed in blue with a line width of 2, ensuring that it stands out on your trading charts. This indicator is especially useful for traders looking to assess market sentiment and relative strength between Bitcoin and other assets in real-time.
BTC Purchasing Power 2009-20XX! Hello, today I'm going to show you something that shifts our perspective on Bitcoin's value, not just in nominal terms, but adjusted for the real buying power over the years. This Pine Script TAS developed for TradingView does exactly that by taking into account inflation rates from 2009 to the present.
As you know, inflation erodes the purchasing power of money. That $100 in 2009 does not buy you the same amount in goods or services today. The same concept applies to Bitcoin. While we often look at its price in terms of dollars, pounds, or euros, it's crucial to understand what that price really means in terms of purchasing power.
What this script does is adjust the price of Bitcoin for cumulative inflation since 2009, allowing us to see not just how the nominal price has changed, but how its value as a means of purchasing goods and services has evolved.
For example, if we see Bitcoin's price at $60,000 today, that number might seem high compared to its early years. However, when we adjust this price for inflation, we might find that in terms of 2009's purchasing power, the effective price might be somewhat lower. This adjusted price gives us a more accurate reflection of Bitcoin's true value over time.
This script plots two lines on the chart:
The Original BTC Price: This is the unadjusted price of Bitcoin as we typically see it.
BTC Purchasing Power: This line shows Bitcoin's price adjusted for inflation, reflecting how many goods or services Bitcoin could buy at that point in time compared to 2009.
By comparing these lines, we can observe periods where Bitcoin's purchasing power significantly increased, even if the nominal price was not at its peak. This can help us identify moments when Bitcoin was undervalued or overvalued in real terms.
This analysis is crucial for long-term investors and traders who want to understand Bitcoin's value beyond the surface-level price movements. It helps us appreciate Bitcoin's potential as a store of value, especially in contexts where traditional currencies are losing purchasing power due to inflation.
Remember, investing is not just about riding price waves; it's about understanding the underlying value. And that's precisely what this script helps us to uncover
