Benner-Fibonacci Reversal Points [CC]This is an original script based on a very old idea called the Benner Theory from the Civil War times. Benner discovered a pattern in pig iron prices (no clue what those are), and this turned out to be a parallel idea to indicators based on Fibonacci numbers. Because a year is 365 days (nearly 377, which is a Fibonacci number), made up of 52 weeks (nearly 55, which is another Fibonacci number), or 12 months (nearly 13, which is another Fibonacci number), Benner theorized that he could find both past and future turning points in the market by using a pattern he found. He discovered that peaks in prices seemed to follow a pattern of 8-9-10, meaning that after a recent peak, it would be 8 bars until the next peak, 9 bars until after that peak for the next, and 10 bars until the following peak. For past peaks, he would just need to reverse this pattern, and so the previous peak would be 10 bars before the most current peak, 9 bars before that peak, and 8 bars before the previous one, and these patterns seemed to repeat. For troughs, he found a pattern of 16,18,20 which follows the same logic, and this idea also seemed to work on long-term peaks and troughs as well.
This is my version of the Benner theory and the major difference between my version and his is that he would manually select a year or date and either work backwards or forwards from that point. I chose to go with an adaptive version that will automatically detect those points and plot those past and future points. I have included several options such as allowing the algorithm to be calculated in reverse which seems to work well for Crypto for some reason. I also have both short and long term options to only show one or both if you choose and of course the option to enable repainting or leave it disabled.
Big thanks to @HeWhoMustNotBeNamed and @RicardoSantos for helping me fix some bugs in my code and for @kerpiciwuasile for suggesting this idea in the first place.
Cerca negli script per "reversal"
Extreme Trend Reversal Points [HeWhoMustNotBeNamed]Using moving average crossover for identifying the change in trend is very common. However, this method can give lots of false signals during the ranging markets. In this algorithm, we try to find the extreme trend by looking at fully aligned multi-level moving averages and only look at moving average crossover when market is in the extreme trend - either bullish or bearish. These points can mean long term downtrend or can also cause a small pullback before trend continuation. In this discussion, we will also check how to handle different scenarios.
🎲 Components
🎯 Recursive Multi Level Moving Averages
Multi level moving average here refers to applying moving average on top of base moving average on multiple levels. For example,
Level 1 SMA = SMA(source, length)
Level 2 SMA = SMA(Level 1 SMA, length)
Level 3 SMA = SMA(Level 2 SMA, length)
..
..
..
Level n SMA = SMA(Level (n-1) SMA, length)
In this script, user can select how many levels of moving averages need to be calculated. This is achieved through " recursive moving average " algorithm. Requirement for building such algorithm was initially raised by @loxx
While I was able to develop them in minimal code with the help of some of the existing libraries built on arrays and matrix , I also thought why not extend this to find something interesting.
Note that since we are using variable levels - we will not be able to plot all the levels of moving average. (This is because plotting cannot be done in the loop). Hence, we are using lines to display the latest moving average levels in front of the last candle. Lines are color coded in such a way that least numbered levels are greener and higher levels are redder.
🎯 Finding the trend and range
Strength of fully aligned moving average is calculated based on position of each level with respect to other levels.
For example, in a complete uptrend, we can find
source > L(1)MA > L(2)MA > L(3)MA ...... > L(n-1)MA > L(n)MA
Similarly in a complete downtrend, we can find
source < L(1)MA < L(2)MA < L(3)MA ...... < L(n-1)MA < L(n)MA
Hence, the strength of trend here is calculated based on relative positions of each levels. Due to this, value of strength can range from 0 to Level*(Level-1)/2
0 represents the complete downtrend
Level*(Level-1)/2 represents the complete uptrend.
Range and Extreme Range are calculated based on the percentile from median. The brackets are defined as per input parameters - Range Percentile and Extreme Range Percentile by using Percentile History as reference length.
Moving average plot is color coded to display the trend strength.
Green - Extreme Bullish
Lime - Bullish
Silver - range
Orange - Bearish
Red - Extreme Bearish
🎯 Finding the trend reversal
Possible trend reversals are when price crosses the moving average while in complete trend with all the moving averages fully aligned. Triangle marks are placed in such locations which can help observe the probable trend reversal points. But, there are possibilities of trend overriding these levels. An example of such thing, we can see here:
In order to overcome this problem, we can employ few techniques.
1. After the signal, wait for trend reversal (moving average plot color to turn silver) before placing your order.
2. Place stop orders on immediate pivot levels or support resistance points instead of opening market order. This way, we can also place an order in the direction of trend. Whichever side the price breaks out, will be the direction to trade.
3. Look for other confirmations such as extremely bullish and bearish candles before placing the orders.
🎯 An example of using stop orders
Let us take this scenario where there is a signal on possible reversal from complete uptrend.
Create a box joining high and low pivots at reasonable distance. You can also chose to add 1 ATR additional distance from pivots.
Use the top of the box as stop-entry for long and bottom as stop-entry for short. The other ends of the box can become stop-losses for each side.
After few bars, we can see that few more signals are plotted but, the price is still within the box. There are some candles which touched the top of the box. But, the candlestick patterns did not represent bullishness on those instances. If you have placed stop orders, these orders would have already filled in. In that case, just wait for position to hit either stop or target.
For bullish side, targets can be placed at certain risk reward levels. In this case, we just use 1:1 for bullish (trend side) and 1:1.5 for bearish side (reversal side)
In this case, price hit the target without any issue:
Wait for next reversal signal to appear before placing another order :)
RSI true swingsRelative Strength Index (RSI) is being used by majority of the traders to get benefitted based on the swings. But these swings are hard to Identify.
This Indicator uses 4 major factors for finding the potential reversal points:
RSI Crossover or crossunder
Relative volume
Overall volume against the moving average volume
Relative closing of the candles
Size of the bars
Please read Instructions carefully before using this indicator
Recommended entry is the OHLC4 of the signal bars.
If signal bar is too large, try to enter in the retracement when another signal comes either through indicator or through types of bars
when signals comes opposite to the trend, then try to wait for the next signal of same type. This creates a RSI-price divergence in confirmation by volume price action
Timeframe can be of your choice
Recommended stoploss should be swing highs or lows
Volume Divergence by MMIt's a simply volume indicator. You should watch for breaks on both volume uptrend and volume downtrend. It uses fibonacci numbers to build smoothed moving average of volume.
Also you can check divergences for trend reversal and momentum loss.
GreedZone indicator - Contrarian Indicator"Be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful" - Warren Buffett. Greedzone is a contrarian indicator that gives us an indication when greed begins to take over in the market. Traders should be prepared for increased volatility and good trading opportunities.
The Greedzone is visualized with green candlesticks above the price.
HOW TO USE
1. Use the indicator to identify when investors are greedy.
2. Use the indicator to identify potential reversal points.
INDICATOR IN ACTION
1 hour chart
5 min chart
I hope you find this indicator useful , and please comment or contact me if you like the script or have any questions/suggestions for future improvements. Thanks!
I will continually work on this indicator, so please share your experience and feedback as it will enable me to make even better improvements. Thanks to everyone that has already contacted me regarding my scripts. Your feedback is valuable for future developments!
-----------------
Disclaimer
Copyright by Zeiierman.
The information contained in my scripts/indicators/ideas does not constitute financial advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any securities of any type. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, or individual’s trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on an evaluation of their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.
My scripts/indicators/ideas are only for educational purposes!
Fearzone (Expo) - Contrarian Indicator"Be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful" - Warren Buffett. Fearzone is a contrarian indicator that gives us an indication when fear begins to take over in the market. Traders should be prepared for increased volatility and good trading opportunities.
The Fearzone is visualized with red candlesticks below the price.
This version of the FearZone indicator is slightly different from the one ©kruskakli has published.
HOW TO USE
1. Use the indicator to identify when investors are fearful.
2. Use the indicator to identify potential reversal points.
INDICATOR IN ACTION
1 hour chart
5 min chart
I hope you find this indicator useful , and please comment or contact me if you like the script or have any questions/suggestions for future improvements. Thanks!
I will continually work on this indicator, so please share your experience and feedback as it will enable me to make even better improvements. Thanks to everyone that has already contacted me regarding my scripts. Your feedback is valuable for future developments!
-----------------
Disclaimer
Copyright by Zeiierman.
The information contained in my scripts/indicators/ideas does not constitute financial advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any securities of any type. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, or individual’s trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on an evaluation of their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.
My scripts/indicators/ideas are only for educational purposes!
Combo Strategy 123 Reversal & CMOfilt This is combo strategies for get a cumulative signal.
First strategy
This System was created from the Book "How I Tripled My Money In The
Futures Market" by Ulf Jensen, Page 183. This is reverse type of strategies.
The strategy buys at market, if close price is higher than the previous close
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Slow Oscillator is lower than 50.
The strategy sells at market, if close price is lower than the previous close price
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Fast Oscillator is higher than 50.
Second strategy
This indicator plots a CMO which ignores price changes which are less
than a threshold value. CMO was developed by Tushar Chande. A scientist,
an inventor, and a respected trading system developer, Mr. Chande developed
the CMO to capture what he calls "pure momentum". For more definitive
information on the CMO and other indicators we recommend the book The New
Technical Trader by Tushar Chande and Stanley Kroll.
The CMO is closely related to, yet unique from, other momentum oriented
indicators such as Relative Strength Index, Stochastic, Rate-of-Change, etc.
It is most closely related to Welles Wilder`s RSI, yet it differs in several ways:
- It uses data for both up days and down days in the numerator, thereby directly
measuring momentum;
- The calculations are applied on unsmoothed data. Therefore, short-term extreme
movements in price are not hidden. Once calculated, smoothing can be applied to the
CMO, if desired;
- The scale is bounded between +100 and -100, thereby allowing you to clearly see
changes in net momentum using the 0 level. The bounded scale also allows you to
conveniently compare values across different securities.
WARNING:
- For purpose educate only
- This script to change bars colors.
Rounded Bottom Breakout Strategy Moving Averages20-day SMA , 34-day EMA , 50-day SMA and 200-day SMA moving average indicator based on Rick Saddler's Rounded Bottom Reversal Breakout Strategy
Combo Backtest 123 Reversal & Bandpass FilterThis is combo strategies for get
a cumulative signal. Result signal will return 1 if two strategies
is long, -1 if all strategies is short and 0 if signals of strategies is not equal.
First strategy
This System was created from the Book "How I Tripled My Money In The
Futures Market" by Ulf Jensen, Page 183. This is reverse type of strategies.
The strategy buys at market, if close price is higher than the previous close
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Slow Oscillator is lower than 50.
The strategy sells at market, if close price is lower than the previous close price
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Fast Oscillator is higher than 50.
Second strategy
The related article is copyrighted material from
Stocks & Commodities Mar 2010
You can use in the xPrice any series: Open, High, Low, Close, HL2, HLC3, OHLC4 and ect...
WARNING:
- For purpose educate only
- This script to change bars colors.
CCI AnalysesThis script analyses the CCI indicator values, showing when a fall in price or a rise in price may happen, or when the CCI is confirming the trend.
The user can personalize:
The period to be used and the range of the CCI bands ( by default)
The slow SMA period to be used and the price percentage variation to react for bullish/bearish
Consecutive number of bullish/bearish in order to consider the CCI as a trend confirmation rather than a price reversal
ICT Turtle Soup (Liquidity Reversal)ICT Turtle Soup — Liquidity Reversal Detection
Trap the Trap: A Precision Reversal Strategy from the Inner Circle Trader Playbook
This indicator implements the Turtle Soup liquidity reversal setup — a widely used ICT (Inner Circle Trader) concept that targets false breakouts beyond recent swing highs or lows. These patterns typically occur when price grabs liquidity above or below a known level, then snaps back, trapping retail traders and creating a high-probability reversal scenario.
🔍 What This Script Does:
Detects Liquidity Sweeps Above/Below Key Swing Levels
Uses a customizable swing lookback to identify recent swing highs and lows.
Triggers a Bearish Turtle Soup when price runs above a previous swing high and closes back below.
Triggers a Bullish Turtle Soup when price sweeps below a prior swing low and closes back above.
Plots Clear Visual Signals
Reversal signals appear as 🐢🔻 (Bearish) or 🐢🔺 (Bullish) markers directly on your chart.
Optional labels can be enabled for enhanced journaling and review.
Real-Time Alerts
Receive alert notifications when a Turtle Soup setup is detected — ideal for scalpers or intraday traders watching for reversals around liquidity pools.
⚙️ Customization Options:
Set the swing lookback sensitivity (default: 5)
Enable or disable labels
Choose label font size
Customize colors for bullish and bearish signals
💡 How to Use:
Deploy on intraday timeframes (e.g. 5m–15m) for high-resolution liquidity analysis.
Watch for signals at key highs/lows, session extremes, or zones where liquidity is likely resting.
Combine with tools like FVGs, Order Blocks, and OTE zones for layered confirmation.
🔗 Combine With These Tools for a Complete SMC Edge:
✅ First FVG — Opening Range Fair Value Gap Detector
✅ ICT SMC Liquidity Grabs + OB + Fibonacci OTE Levels
✅ Liquidity Levels — Smart Swing Lows
Together, these tools form a high-precision Smart Money toolkit — helping traders map, anticipate, and act on institutional-level liquidity events with clarity and confidence.
Supply & Demand Zones
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Supply and Demand Zones
This indicator displays valid Supply and Demand zones on any chart and timeframe, using dynamically updating visuals. Users can see the moment that zones become validated, used, and then invalidated during live sessions. It is sleek, lightweight, and offers a feature-rich settings panel that allows customization of how each element appears and functions. Zones can enhance the probability of successful trades by locating areas that are most likely to contain resting orders of Supply or Demand, which are needed for price reversals.
Disclaimer
____________________
Like all indicators, this can be a valuable tool when incorporated into a comprehensive, risk-based trading system.
Supply and Demand is not the same thing as Support and Resistance.
Trading based on price hitting a zone without understanding which zones are of higher quality and which are of lower quality (only discernible with a trained human eye) will yield poor results.
Supply and Demand works well as a system and even better when added to an existing one. However, like all effective trading techniques, it requires diligent study, practice, and repetition to become proficient. This is an indicator for use with Supply and Demand concepts, not a replacement for learning them.
Features
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Once a valid candle sequence is confirmed, a box will appear that displays the zone over the precise zone range. At 50% zone penetration, a zone becomes used , and at 100% it becomes invalidated . Each of these zone classifications changes the behavior of the zone on the chart immediately. The settings panel offers custom colors for Supply , Demand , Used , and Invalidated zone types.
Borders : The subtle border colors can be changed or hidden.
Boxes or Bases : Advanced users can opt to hide zone boxes and instead display small, subtle tags over base candle groups. This allows for more customizable selection over what is displayed and how.
Max Zones and Hide Invalidated :
There are limitations on how many objects TradingView allows at once. Because of this, once zones go from used to invalidated , they are hidden (deleted) by default. This allows the zones index to be allocated to display more valid , usable zones instead. If a user prefers to keep invalidated zones visible, they can be enabled; however, this will result in showing more recent zones for fewer historical zones.
All zones share one pool, so if you allow fifty max zones, forty-five might be supply while five might be demand on a big sell-off trend. You will always see the most recent zones, regardless of type or status.
It’s up to you how much clutter you want on your screen and how much improved load time you want - but once loaded, zone creation and function are always instantaneous.
Load Time
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Load time refers to the time it takes from when you switch tickers or timeframes before the zones are displayed initially. There is zero lag in the dynamic function and minimal load time, regardless of settings. However, if you are a fine-tuner or multi-screener, the number of Max Zones displayed is the only major variable affecting load time.
I run everything at Max when I develop. When I trade, I run mine at 25 max zones because I change timeframes often and want a very quick display of zones when I do. I have invalidated hidden, and simply enable it if I want to check an old zone. This gives me more zones than I need and reduces the load time to right where I like it.
Thresholds
____________________
It is recommended to leave these as the default.
Base Body Threshold : Determines the maximum ratio of a candle’s body to wick before invalidation. Default (50% or 0.5). A higher number loosens thresholds, resulting in more zones being displayed.
Unrequire 2nd FT if LO is Strong & Strength Multiplier :
The standard logic sequence requires two Follow-Through candles. Under some strong price movement, Leg-Out candles can make an explosive directional move from a base, making a convincing argument for supply and demand perfectly at work, if not for a single Follow-Through candle instead of two.
By enabling this feature, you can tell the script to ignore second Follow-Through candles, if and only if, the Leg-Out candle's range is (Strength) X the base range. exceeds the range of the Base by a factor of X (Strength). ie: At 5x, this would require a Leg-Out range to be 500% the range of the Base.
If enabled and the Leg-Out is not strong enough, the default logic kicks in, and a second follow-through candle will validate the zone as per usual. This loosens thresholds overall and should result in more zones.
Recommended Usage
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Form a thesis using your primary trend trading system (eg: Elliott Wave, Structure Reversal, TheStrat, et al) to identify locations of a pullback for a long or short entry.
Identify a pullback area using your system, then use this indicator to find a high-quality zone on your chosen timeframe.
Once located, draw your own channel over the indicator's zone box. Start on 1m, check for zones, 2m, 3m, and so on. When you see a zone you like, recreate it; thus, when finished, you can see every timeframe’s highest-quality zones that you created, regardless of what timeframe you switch to. Tip: Be selective
To make the process faster, save a channel design in settings for “Demand” and one for “Supply”, then you can quickly get through this process in less than a minute with practice.
Optional: Use additional methods (eg: Fibonacci retracements, Elliott Wave Theory, Anchored VWAPs) to find congruent confirmation.
Version 1.0
____________________
No known bugs remain from the closed beta.
In Development
____________________
Powerful combination zones occur when standard zone sequences are extended with additional levels of demand or supply by adding more conditionals to the state machine logic. Got this mostly working in a dev version and it adds minimal extra resources. Set aside to polish a clean standard 1.0 for release first, but now displaying these extended zones is my top priority for next version.
MTF support is essentially working in a dev copy, but adds resources. Not sure if it is in the spirit of price action being the primary focus of a chart for serious traders, rather than indicators. If there is demand for it, I'll consider it.
Additional Threshold Settings
Thanks!
____________________
Thank you for your interest in my work. This was a personal passion project of mine, and I was delighted it turned out better than I hoped, so I decided to share it. If you have any comments, bugs, or suggestions, please leave them here, or you can find me on Twitter or Discord.
@ ContrarianIRL
Open-source developer for over 25 years
Uptrick: Time Based ReversionIntroduction
The Uptrick: Time Based Reversion indicator is designed to provide a comprehensive view of market momentum and potential trend shifts by combining multiple moving averages, a streak-based trend analysis system, and adaptive color visualization. It helps traders identify strong trends, spot potential reversals, and make more informed trading decisions.
Purpose
The primary goal of this indicator is to assist traders in distinguishing between sustained market movements and short-lived fluctuations. By evaluating how price behaves relative to its moving averages, and by measuring consecutive streaks above or below these averages, the indicator highlights areas where trends are likely to continue or lose momentum.
Overview
Uptrick: Time Based Reversion calculates one or more moving averages of price data and then tracks the number of consecutive bars (streaks) above or below these averages. This streak-based detection provides insight into whether a trend is gaining strength or nearing a potential reversal point. The indicator offers:
• Multiple moving average types (SMA, EMA, WMA)
• Optional second and third moving average layers for additional smoothing of first moving average
• A streak detection system to quantify trend intensity
• A dynamic color scheme that changes with streak strength
• Optional buy and sell signals for potential trade entries and exits
• A ribbon mode that applies moving averages to Open, High, Low, and Close prices for a more detailed visualization of overall trend alignment
Originality and Uniqueness
Unlike traditional moving average indicators, Uptrick: Time Based Reversion incorporates a streak measurement system to detect trend strength. This approach helps clarify whether a price movement is merely a quick fluctuation or part of a longer-lasting trend. Additionally, the optional ribbon mode extends this logic to Open, High, Low, and Close prices, creating a layered and intuitive visualization that shows complete trend alignment.
Inputs and Features
1. Enable Ribbon Mode
This input lets you activate or deactivate the ribbon display of multiple moving averages. When enabled, the script plots moving averages for the Open, High, Low, and Close prices and uses color fills to show whether these four data points are collectively above or below their respective moving averages.
2. Color Scheme Selection
Users can choose from several predefined color schemes, such as Default, Emerald, Crimson, Sapphire, Gold, Purple, Teal, Orange, Gray, Lime, or Aqua. Each scheme assigns distinct bullish, bearish and neutral colors..
3. Show Buy/Sell Signals
The indicator can display buy or sell signals based on its streak analysis logic. These signals appear as markers on the chart, indicating a “Safe Uptrend” (buy) or “Safe Downtrend” (sell).
4. Moving Average Types and Lengths
• First MA Type and Length: Choose SMA, EMA, or WMA along with a customizable period.
• Second and Third MA Types and Lengths: You can optionally stack additional moving averages for further smoothing, each with its own customizable type and period.
5. Streak Threshold Multiplier
This numeric input determines how strong a streak must be before the script considers it a “safe” trend. A higher multiplier requires a longer or more intense streak for a buy or sell signal.
6. Dynamic Transparency Calculation
The color intensity adapts to the streak’s strength. Longer streaks increase the transparency of the opposing color, making the current dominant color stand out. This feature ensures that a vigorous uptrend or downtrend is visually distinct from short-lived or weaker moves.
7. Ribbon Moving Averages
In ribbon mode, the script calculates moving averages for the Open, High, Low, and Close prices. Each of these is optionally smoothed again if the second and/or third moving average layers are active. The final result is a ribbon of moving averages that helps confirm whether the market is uniformly aligned above or below these key reference points.
Calculation Methodology
1. Initial Moving Average
The script calculates the first moving average (SMA, EMA, or WMA) of the closing price over a user-defined period.
2. Optional Secondary and Tertiary Averages
If selected, the script then applies a second and/or third smoothing step. Each of these steps can be a different type of moving average (SMA, EMA, or WMA) with its own period length.
3. Streak Detection
The indicator counts consecutive bars above or below the smoothed moving average. A running total (streakUp or streakDown) increments with every bar that remains above or below that average.
4. Reversion Intensity
The script compares the current streak value to its own average (calculated over the final chosen period). This ratio determines whether the streak is nearing a likely reversion or is strong enough to continue.
5. Color Assignment and Signals
The indicator calculates color transparency based on streak intensity. Buy and sell signals appear when the streak meets or exceeds the threshold multiplier, indicating a safe uptrend or downtrend.
Color Schemes and Visualization
This indicator offers multiple predefined color sets. Each scheme specifies a unique bullish color, bearish color and neutral color. The script automatically varies transparency to highlight strong trends and fade weaker ones, making it visually clear when a trend is intensifying or losing momentum.
Smoothing Techniques
By allowing up to three layers of moving average smoothing, the indicator accommodates different trading styles. A single layer provides faster reactions to market changes, while more layers reduce noise at the cost of slower responsiveness. Traders can choose the right balance between responsiveness and stability for their strategy, whether it is short-term scalping or long-term trend following.
Why It Combines Specific Smoothing Techniques
The Uptrick: Time Based Reversion indicator strategically combines specific smoothing techniques—SMA, EMA, and WMA—to leverage their complementary strengths. The SMA provides stable and consistent trend identification by equally weighting all data points, while the EMA emphasizes recent price movements, allowing quicker responses to market changes. WMA enhances sensitivity to recent price shifts, which helps in detecting subtle momentum changes early. By integrating these methods in layers, the indicator effectively balances responsiveness with stability, helping traders clearly identify genuine trend changes while filtering out short-term noise and false signals.
Ribbon Mode
If Open, High, Low, and Close prices remain above or below their respective moving averages consistently, the script colors the bars fully bullish or bearish. When the data points are mixed, a neutral color is applied. This mode provides a thorough perspective on whether the entire price range is aligned in one direction or showing conflicting signals.
Summary
Uptrick: Time Based Reversion combines multiple moving averages, streak detection, and dynamic color adjustments to help traders identify significant trends and potential reversal areas. Its flexibility allows it to be used either in a simpler form, with one moving average and streak analysis, or in a more advanced configuration with ribbon mode that charts multiple smoothed averages for a deeper understanding of price alignment. By adapting color intensities based on streak strength and providing optional buy/sell signals, this indicator delivers a clear and flexible tool suited to various trading strategies.
Disclaimer
This indicator is designed as an analysis aid and does not guarantee profitable trades. Past performance does not indicate future success, and market conditions can change unexpectedly. Users are advised to employ proper risk management and thoroughly evaluate trades before taking positions. Use this indicator as part of a broader strategy, not as a sole decision-making tool.
SuperTrend + Relative Volume (Kernel Optimized)Introducing our new KDE Optimized Supertrend + Relative Volume Indicator!
This innovative indicator combines the power of the Supertrend indicator along with Relative Volume. It utilizes the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to estimate the probability of a candlestick marking a significant trend break or reversal.
❓How to Interpret the KDE %:
The KDE % is a crucial metric that reflects the likelihood that the current candlestick represents a true break in the SuperTrend line, supported by an increase in relative volume. It estimates the probability of a trend shift or continuation based on historical SuperTrend breaks and volume patterns:
Low KDE %: A lower probability that the current break is significant. Price action is less likely to reverse, and the trend may continue.
Moderate KDE - High KDE %: An increased possibility that a trend reversal or consolidation could occur. Traders should start watching for confirmation signals.
📌How Does It Work?
The SuperTrend indicator uses the Average True Range (ATR) to determine the direction of the trend and identifies when the price crosses the SuperTrend line, signaling a potential trend reversal. Here's how the KDE Optimized SuperTrend Indicator works:
SuperTrend Calculation: The SuperTrend indicator is calculated, and when the price breaks above (bullish) or below (bearish) the SuperTrend line, it is logged as a significant event.
Relative Volume: For each break in the SuperTrend line, we calculate the relative volume (current volume vs. the average volume over a defined period). High relative volume can suggest stronger confirmation of the trend break.
KDE Array Calculation: KDE is applied to the break points and relative volume data:
Define the KDE options: Bandwidth, Number of Steps, and Array Range (Array Max - Array Min).
Create a density range array using the defined number of steps, corresponding to potential break points.
Apply a Gaussian kernel function to the break points and volume data to estimate the likelihood of the trend break being significant.
KDE Value and Signal Generation: The KDE array is updated as each break occurs. The KDE % is calculated for the breakout candlestick, representing the likelihood of the trend break being significant. If the KDE value exceeds the defined activation threshold, a darker bullish or bearish arrow is plotted after bar confirmation. If the KDE value falls below the threshold, a more transparent arrow is drawn, indicating a possible but lower probability break.
⚙️Settings:
SuperTrend Settings:
ATR Length: The period over which the Average True Range (ATR) is calculated.
Multiplier: The multiplier applied to the ATR to determine the SuperTrend threshold.
KDE Settings:
Bandwidth: Determines the smoothness of the KDE function and the width of the influence of each break point.
Number of Bins (Steps): Defines the precision of the KDE algorithm, with higher values offering more detailed calculations.
KDE Threshold %: The level at which relative volume is considered significant for confirming a break.
Relative Volume Length: The number of historic candles used in calculating KDE %
Chaikin Money Flow with Moving AverageThis indicator combines the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) with a moving average, helping traders analyze buying/selling pressure and whether it's increasing or decreasing.
What It Does:
Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) developed by Marc Chaikin is a volume-weighted average of accumulation and distribution over a specified period.
A moving average is applied to CMF to reduce noise and smooth trends, making it easier to identify sustained market sentiment shifts.
How to Use It?
CMF helps confirm trend strength and potential reversals. We reduces false signals from CMF by smoothing fluctuations and making it easier to spot trends.
A CMF value above zero is a sign of strength, and a value below zero is a sign of weakness.
A rising price with a falling CMF (below moving average) is a bearish divergence and a possible reversal of the uptrend.
Similarly, a falling price with a rising CMF (above moving average) is a bullish divergence and again signals a possible reversal of the downtrend.
Configurable Parameters:
CMF Length: Adjusts how many periods are used for CMF calculation.
MA Type: Choose between SMA, EMA, WMA, VWMA, or T3 for smoothing.
MA Length: Controls how much smoothing is applied.
This tool is great for traders looking to improve volume-based trend analysis while filtering out short-term noise.
WAGMI LAB Trend Reversal Indicator HMA-Kahlman (m15)WAGMI HMA-Kahlman Trend Reversal Indicator
This indicator combines the Hull Moving Average (HMA) with the Kahlman filter to provide a dynamic trend reversal signal, perfect for volatile assets like Bitcoin. The strategy works particularly well on lower timeframes, making it ideal for intraday trading and fast-moving markets.
Key Features:
Trend Detection: It uses a blend of HMA and Kahlman filters to detect trend reversals, providing more accurate and timely signals.
Volatility Adaptability: Designed with volatile assets like Bitcoin in mind, this indicator adapts to rapid price movements, offering smoother trend detection during high volatility.
Easy Visualization: Buy (B) and Sell (S) signals are clearly marked with labels, helping traders spot trend shifts quickly and accurately.
Trendlines Module: The indicator plots trendlines based on pivot points, highlighting important support and resistance levels. This helps traders understand the market structure and identify potential breakout or breakdown zones.
Customizable: Adjust the HMA and Kahlman parameters to fit different assets or trading styles, making it flexible for various market conditions.
Usage Tips:
Best Timeframes: The indicator performs exceptionally well on lower timeframes (such as 15-minute to 1-hour charts), making it ideal for scalping and short-term trading strategies.
Ideal for Volatile Assets: This strategy is perfect for highly volatile assets like Bitcoin, but can also be applied to other cryptocurrencies and traditional markets with high price fluctuations.
Signal Confirmation: Use the trend signals (green for uptrend, red for downtrend) along with the buy/sell labels to help you confirm potential entries and exits. It's also recommended to combine the signals with other technical tools like volume analysis or RSI for enhanced confirmation.
Trendline Analysis: The plotted trendlines provide additional visual context to identify key market zones, supporting your trading decisions with a clear view of ongoing trends and possible reversal areas.
Risk Management: As with any strategy, always consider proper risk management techniques, such as stop-loss and take-profit levels, to protect against unforeseen market moves.
Bitcoin Reversal PredictorOverview
This indicator displays two lines that, when they cross, signal a potential reversal in Bitcoin's price trend. Historically, the high or low of a bull market cycle often occurs near the moment these lines intersect. The lines consist of an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) and a logarithmic regression line fitted to all of Bitcoin's historical data.
Inspiration
The inspiration for this indicator came from the PI Cycle Top indicator, which has accurately predicted past bull market peaks. However, I believe the PI Cycle Top indicator may not be as effective in the future. In that indicator, two lines cross to mark the top, but the extent of the cross has been diminishing over time. This was especially noticeable in the 2021 cycle, where the lines barely crossed. Because of this, I created a new indicator that I think will continue to provide reliable reversal signals in the future.
How It Works
The logarithmic regression line is fitted to the Bitcoin (BTCUSD) chart using two key factors: the 'a' factor (slope) and the 'b' factor (intercept). This results in a steadily decreasing line. The EMA oscillates above and below this regression line. Each time the two lines cross, a vertical colored bar appears, indicating that Bitcoin's price momentum is likely to reverse.
Use Cases
- Price Bottoming:
Bitcoin often bottoms out when the EMA crosses below the logarithmic regression line.
- Price Topping:
In contrast, Bitcoin often peaks when the EMA crosses above the logarithmic regression line.
- Profitable Strategy:
Trading at the crossovers of these lines can be a profitable strategy, as these moments often signal significant price reversals.
EMA RSI Trend Reversal Ver.1Overview:
The EMA RSI Trend Reversal indicator combines the power of two well-known technical indicators—Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) and the Relative Strength Index (RSI)—to identify potential trend reversal points in the market. The strategy looks for key crossovers between the fast and slow EMAs, and uses the RSI to confirm the strength of the trend. This combination helps to avoid false signals during sideways market conditions.
How It Works:
Buy Signal:
The Fast EMA (9) crosses above the Slow EMA (21), indicating a potential shift from a downtrend to an uptrend.
The RSI is above 50, confirming strong bullish momentum.
Visual Signal: A green arrow below the price bar and a Buy label are plotted on the chart.
Sell Signal:
The Fast EMA (9) crosses below the Slow EMA (21), indicating a potential shift from an uptrend to a downtrend.
The RSI is below 50, confirming weak or bearish momentum.
Visual Signal: A red arrow above the price bar and a Sell label are plotted on the chart.
Key Features:
EMA Crossovers: The Fast EMA crossing above the Slow EMA signals potential buying opportunities, while the Fast EMA crossing below the Slow EMA signals potential selling opportunities.
RSI Confirmation: The RSI helps confirm trend strength—values above 50 indicate bullish momentum, while values below 50 indicate bearish momentum.
Visual Cues: The strategy uses green arrows and red arrows along with Buy and Sell labels for clear visual signals of when to enter or exit trades.
Signal Interpretation:
Green Arrow / Buy Label: The Fast EMA (9) has crossed above the Slow EMA (21), and the RSI is above 50. This is a signal to buy or enter a long position.
Red Arrow / Sell Label: The Fast EMA (9) has crossed below the Slow EMA (21), and the RSI is below 50. This is a signal to sell or exit the long position.
Strategy Settings:
Fast EMA Length: Set to 9 (this determines how sensitive the fast EMA is to recent price movements).
Slow EMA Length: Set to 21 (this smooths out price movements to identify the broader trend).
RSI Length: Set to 14 (default setting to track momentum strength).
RSI Level: Set to 50 (used to confirm the strength of the trend—above 50 for buy signals, below 50 for sell signals).
Risk Management (Optional):
Use take profit and stop loss based on your preferred risk-to-reward ratio. For example, you can set a 2:1 risk-to-reward ratio (2x take profit for every 1x stop loss).
Backtesting and Optimization:
Backtest the strategy on TradingView by opening the Strategy Tester tab. This will allow you to see how the strategy would have performed on historical data.
Optimization: Adjust the EMA lengths, RSI period, and risk-to-reward settings based on your asset and time frame.
Limitations:
False Signals in Sideways Markets: Like any trend-following strategy, this indicator may generate false signals during periods of low volatility or sideways movement.
Not Suitable for All Market Conditions: This indicator performs best in trending markets. It may underperform in choppy or range-bound markets.
Strategy Example:
XRP/USD Example:
If you're trading XRP/USD and the Fast EMA (9) crosses above the Slow EMA (21), while the RSI is above 50, the indicator will signal a Buy.
Conversely, if the Fast EMA (9) crosses below the Slow EMA (21), and the RSI is below 50, the indicator will signal a Sell.
Bitcoin (BTC/USD):
On the BTC/USD chart, when the indicator shows a green arrow and a Buy label, it’s signaling a potential long entry. Similarly, a red arrow and Sell label indicate a short entry or exit from a previous long position.
Summary:
The EMA RSI Trend Reversal Indicator helps traders identify potential trend reversals with clear buy and sell signals based on the EMA crossovers and RSI confirmations. By using green arrows and red arrows, along with Buy and Sell labels, this strategy offers easy-to-understand visual signals for entering and exiting trades. Combine this with effective risk management and backtesting to optimize your trading performance.
[blackcat] L1 Swing Reversal Oscillator█ OVERVIEW
The script defines a custom indicator called the "L1 Swing Reversal Oscillator," which integrates moving averages and RSI to detect possible swing reversals in market trends. Its core purpose is to produce signals derived from the oscillator's indications of overbought or oversold states.
█ LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
The script comprises multiple key segments:
1 — Custom Functions: Encompasses calculate_weighted_moving_average and calculate_l1_swing_reversal_oscillator.
2 — Input Parameters: Permits customization of moving average lengths and weights alongside RSI settings.
3 — Calculations: Employs predefined functions to determine oscillator readings.
4 — Plot Statements: Depicts oscillator outputs graphically on the chart.
Data processing follows this sequence: initial computation of the typical price, subsequent derivation of the adjusted CC1 metric, additional smoothing operations, and finally, RSI evaluation prior to plotting the resultant oscillator figures.
█ CUSTOM FUNCTIONS
• calculate_weighted_moving_average(source, length, weight) : Generates a weighted moving average from the provided source material utilizing specified duration and coefficient inputs.
– Returns computed weighted moving average.
• calculate_l1_swing_reversal_oscillator(close_price, high_price, low_price, sma_length, sma_weight, rsi_length) : Assesses the L1 Swing Reversal Oscillator leveraging closing, highest, and lowest prices along with defined SMA span, weighting factor, and RSI period.
– Yields an array featuring central CC1, CB1, CB2, and RSI metrics.
█ KEY POINTS AND TECHNIQUES
• Weighted Moving Average: Incorporates bespoke functionality for computing weighted moving averages, distinct from built-in Pine Script methods.
• RSI Calculation: Employs customized logic for calculating Relative Strength Index, offering adaptable computational approaches.
• Plotting Techniques: Implements color coding contingent upon oscillator values to emphasize visual cues regarding overbought and oversold statuses.
• Optimization: Furnishes adjustable parameters including SMA timeframe, weightage, and RSI interval enabling personalized fine-tuning per user requirements.
█ EXTENDED KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATIONS
• Modifications: Potential enhancements involve integrating supplementary oscillators like MACD or Stochastic Oscillator alongside the existing L1 Swing Reversal Oscillator.
• Application Scenarios: Comparable methodologies can be adopted within various trading frameworks focusing on momentum shifts such as trend-following or mean reversion tactics.
• Related Concepts: Proficiency in crafting custom functions, manipulating moving averages, and interpreting RSI within Pine Script environment proves advantageous when altering or expanding on current script functionalities. Understanding utilization of nz and na functions for managing null data points adds significant depth.
Bat Harmonic Pattern [TradingFinder] Bat Chart Indicator🔵 Introduction
The Bat Harmonic Pattern, created by Scott Carney in the 1990s, is a sophisticated tool in technical analysis, used to identify potential reversal points in price movements by leveraging Fibonacci ratios.
This pattern is classified into two primary types: the Bullish Bat Pattern, which signals the end of a downtrend and the beginning of an uptrend, and the Bearish Bat Pattern, which indicates the conclusion of an uptrend and the onset of a downtrend.
🟣 Bullish Bat Pattern
The Bullish Bat Pattern is designed to identify when a downtrend is likely to end and a new uptrend is about to begin. The key feature of this pattern is Point D, which typically aligns near the 88.6% Fibonacci retracement of the XA leg.
This point is considered a strong buy zone. When the price reaches Point D after a significant downtrend, it often indicates a potential reversal, presenting a buying opportunity for traders anticipating the start of an upward movement.
🟣 Bearish Bat Pattern
In contrast, the Bearish Bat Pattern forms when an uptrend is nearing its conclusion. Point D, which also typically aligns near the 88.6% Fibonacci retracement of the XA leg, serves as a critical point for traders.
This point is regarded as a strong sell zone, signaling that the uptrend may be ending, and a downtrend could be imminent. Traders often open short positions when they identify this pattern, aiming to capitalize on the anticipated downward movement.
🔵 How to Use
The Bat Pattern consists of five key points: X, A, B, C, and D, and four waves: XA, AB, BC, and CD. Fibonacci ratios play a crucial role in this pattern, helping traders pinpoint precise entry and exit points. In both the Bullish and Bearish Bat Patterns, the 88.6% retracement of the XA leg is a critical level for identifying potential reversal points.
🟣 Bullish Bat Pattern
Traders typically enter buy positions after Point D forms, expecting the downtrend to end and a new uptrend to start. This point, located near the 88.6% retracement of the XA leg, serves as a reliable buy signal.
🟣 Bearish Bat Pattern
Traders usually open short positions after identifying Point D, expecting the uptrend to end and a downtrend to begin. This point, also near the 88.6% retracement of the XA leg, acts as a valid sell signal.
🟣 Trading Tips for the Bat Pattern
Accurate Fibonacci Point Identification : Accurately identify Points X, A, B, C, and D, and calculate the Fibonacci ratios between these points. Point D should ideally be near the 88.6% retracement of the XA leg.
Signal Confirmation with Other Tools : To enhance the pattern's accuracy, avoid trading solely based on the Bat Pattern.
Risk Management : Always use stop-loss orders. In a Bullish Bat Pattern, place the stop-loss below Point X, and in a Bearish Bat Pattern, above Point X. This helps limit potential losses if the pattern fails.
Wait for Price Movement Confirmation : After identifying Point D, wait for the price to move in the anticipated direction to confirm the pattern's validity before entering a trade.
Set Realistic Profit Targets : Use Fibonacci retracement levels to set realistic profit targets, such as 38.2%, 50%, and 61.8% retracement levels of the CD leg. This strategy helps maximize profits and prevents premature exits.
🔵 Setting
🟣 Logical Setting
ZigZag Pivot Period : You can adjust the period so that the harmonic patterns are adjusted according to the pivot period you want. This factor is the most important parameter in pattern recognition.
Show Valid Forma t: If this parameter is on "On" mode, only patterns will be displayed that they have exact format and no noise can be seen in them. If "Off" is, the patterns displayed that maybe are noisy and do not exactly correspond to the original pattern.
Show Formation Last Pivot Confirm : if Turned on, you can see this ability of patterns when their last pivot is formed. If this feature is off, it will see the patterns as soon as they are formed. The advantage of this option being clear is less formation of fielded patterns, and it is accompanied by the latest pattern seeing and a sharp reduction in reward to risk.
Period of Formation Last Pivot : Using this parameter you can determine that the last pivot is based on Pivot period.
🟣 Genaral Setting
Show : Enter "On" to display the template and "Off" to not display the template.
Color : Enter the desired color to draw the pattern in this parameter.
LineWidth : You can enter the number 1 or numbers higher than one to adjust the thickness of the drawing lines. This number must be an integer and increases with increasing thickness.
LabelSize : You can adjust the size of the labels by using the "size.auto", "size.tiny", "size.smal", "size.normal", "size.large" or "size.huge" entries.
🟣 Alert Setting
Alert : On / Off
Message Frequency : This string parameter defines the announcement frequency. Choices include: "All" (activates the alert every time the function is called), "Once Per Bar" (activates the alert only on the first call within the bar), and "Once Per Bar Close" (the alert is activated only by a call at the last script execution of the real-time bar upon closing). The default setting is "Once per Bar".
Show Alert Time by Time Zone : The date, hour, and minute you receive in alert messages can be based on any time zone you choose. For example, if you want New York time, you should enter "UTC-4". This input is set to the time zone "UTC" by default.
🔵 Conclusion
The Bat Harmonic Pattern is a powerful tool in technical analysis, offering traders the ability to identify critical reversal points using Fibonacci ratios. By recognizing the Bullish and Bearish Bat Patterns, traders can anticipate potential trend reversals and make informed trading decisions.
However, it is essential to combine the Bat Pattern with other technical analysis tools and confirm signals for better trading outcomes. With proper use, this pattern can help traders minimize risk and optimize their entry and exit points in the market.
Pivot Point Profile [LuxAlgo]The Pivot Point Profile indicator groups and displays data accumulated from previous pivot points, providing a comprehensive method for prioritizing and displaying areas of interest directly given by swing highs and lows.
Users have access to common settings present in other profile-type indicators.
🔶 USAGE
The Pivot Point Profile is particularly helpful in identifying highly active reversal zones that have been visited multiple times by price. Because of this, we could generally expect these areas to serve as future points of interest, often acting as support or resistance when re-visited.
The profile displays data associated with both Pivot Highs and Pivot Lows. Each row consists of pivot high and pivot low counts side-by-side, forming the total width of the row.
By analyzing the row as a whole, we can gain a better understanding of WHERE to look for interactions.
By analyzing the pivot counts independently, we can gain a better understanding of WHAT to expect when returning to these areas.
For example:
If a row in the profile contains entirely Pivot Lows, this could be seen as an indication to look for buyers to hold that level for a continuation upwards. A break of this level could be interpreted as a lack of interest from previous buyers at this level, indicating a further move down.
🔹 Concentrated Areas
Each row in the profile displays the current count of high pivots and low pivots within the selected lookback. The largest count for each pivot direction is identified as a "Concentrated Area (CA)", these CAs are highlighted over the chart with a line displaying the average of all pivots within that CA. The CA Average is the average of all pivot points (in the majority direction) within the given row.
These can hold more importance as potential support/resistance areas.
Note: The CA Threshold can be manually adjusted to highlight all rows based on a user-selected value.
🔶 DETAILS
🔹 Calculation
The idea behind the Pivot Point Profile is a new analysis method for pivot points, taking the idea of a volume profile and adapting it to display pivot points instead of volume. By using this data, in theory, we should be able to better prioritize zones to anticipate reversals, as well as identify key levels to watch for buyer & seller interactions to use as confirmations in direction.
The (vertical) width of each row is the product of the script's "Row Size", this is the number of rows that the profile will consist of. With a max of 250, the profile can be decently granular. That being said, A more granular profile will have fewer overlapping pivot points. By decreasing the row size (Using fewer rows in the profile) you will increase the tolerance for grouping pivot points. Potentially leading to a more comprehensive Profile. Inversely, By reducing the tolerance for grouping, you will better visualize only similar highs and lows but may have noisier data to sift through.
The Profile is calculated based on a "Lookback" parameter, using only the lookback amount of previous high and low pivots to calculate the profile. Configuring this parameter alongside "Pivot Length", will allow for great control over the frame of reference of the profile.
Note: This indicator is capable of utilizing the full chart history of pivot points, this can be done by enabling the "Use Full Chart History" setting, this will cause the script will calculate from everything it has access to on your current chart.
🔹 Display
The Pivot Point Profile display can be customized to fit a various range of chart styles and visual needs. The specific settings to adjust these can be located in the "Profile Display" Section of the User Inputs.
Profile Width: Sets the Left to Right Width of the Profile. This is the maximum width that the profile will occupy and will scale to fit within this width.
Profile Offset: Sets the distance of the Profile's Axis from the current chart candle. This moves the entire profile left and right to enable to user to set the distance between the profile and the current candle.
Direction: Changes the display direction of the profile, allowing for "Left", "Right", or "Center" display styles.
🔶 SETTINGS
🔹 Pivot Point Parameters
Pivot Type: Choose between "Fractal Pivots" or "SMC Structure" to use as the basis for pivots.
Length: Sets the length for the pivot calculations.
🔹 Profile Calculations Parameters
Lookback: Sets the number of pivots to calculate within, in increments of high and low pairs. (Setting this to 1 = 1 Pivot High & 1 Pivot Low)
Use Full Chart History: Disregards the set lookback and instead uses all available chart data to calculate from.
Row Size: Sets the total number of rows to calculate the profile with.
🔹 Profile Display
Profile Width: Sets the max left & right width (in bars) that the profile will occupy.
Profile Offset: Sets the distance of the profile axis from the last chart bar.
Direction: Sets the display direction
🔹 Concentrated Areas
Highlight CAs: Extends the rows left from concentrated areas.
CA Threshold: Manually set the threshold for determining concentrated areas, when disabled, only the largest rows will be displayed.
CA Averages: Toggles the concentrated area averages for each pivot direction.
Note: CA Averages can be displayed independently without CA Highlights being displayed, and vice versa.
Statistical RSI Pivot Reversal Indicator [UAlgo]🔶 Idea
The "Statistical RSI Pivot Reversal Indicator " is designed to enhance traditional RSI analysis by incorporating statistical methods to identify potential reversal points more accurately. The core concept is to detect frequently occurring pivot points in the RSI data, which can indicate strong support or resistance levels. By analyzing the most frequent RSI values at these pivots, the script provides traders with clearer signals for potential market reversals, helping to improve the timing of entry and exit points in their trading strategies.
🔶 Key Features
Enhanced RSI Analysis:
This script calculates the Relative Strength Index (RSI) based on user-defined parameters and identifies pivot points in the RSI data. By analyzing these pivots, it detects the most frequently occurring RSI values at support and resistance levels.
Signal Filtering Options:
Filter buy and sell signals based on whether the RSI is in overbought (above 70) or oversold (below 30) conditions, enhancing the reliability of signals.
Visual and Alert Features:
Visual Signals: The script plots the RSI, the most frequent high and low RSI values, and buy/sell signals on the chart.
Alerts: Set up custom alerts for buy and sell conditions, ensuring you never miss a trading opportunity.
🔶 Disclaimer
The "Statistical RSI Pivot Reversal Indicator " script is intended for educational and informational purposes only.
It does not constitute financial advice or investment recommendations.
Trading financial instruments involves risk, and it is possible to lose more than your initial investment. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
